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1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

NORTH    AM.   FAUNA,   No.    M  . 


Frontispiece. 


Bridled  Weasel,  Putorius  frenatus 

Valley  of   Mexico. 


// 


Black-footed  Ferret,  Putorius  niejripes. 

Woiteni   Kansas. 


onlispcecp. 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTUR 
DIVISION  OF  ORNITHOLOdY  AND  MAMMALOGY 


K^^ — ^ 


NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA 


]sro.  11 


[Actual  date  of  publlcutiou  Juue  30,  1896] 


SYNOPSIS  (3F  THE  WEASELS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 


C.  HART    MERRIAM 


WASHINGTON 

^  f^  ^QYB^NMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 

i«9«  LIBRARY 

i^ATIONAL  MUSEUM 
OF  CANADA 


[}  ±i  J  ^.  O 


1] 

A 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Aubicultube, 

Waihinofon,  D.  C,  May  .9,  1896. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  tninsmit  licrewith  for  imblicatioii,  as  No. 
11  of  North,  American  Fauna,  a  Synopsis  of  the  Weasels  of  North 
America. 

Kespectfully,  o.  Hart  Merriam, 

Chief  of  nipision  of  Omithologj/  and  Mammalogy. 
Dr.  Chas.  W.  Dahney,  Jr., 

Actinff  ^Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

3 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introduction 5-7 

SiibgeniiH  Putoriua  (the  ferrets) 7-9 

8iil»geunR  Ictia  (the  weasels) 9 

List  of  North  Aniericau  weasels 10 

Descriptions  of  species 10-32 

Table  of  cranial  measurenieuta 33 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

(All  natural  hizu.) 


PLATES. 


Frontispiece.     Heads  of  Black-footed  Ferret  and  Bridled  Weasel. 

1.  Sktilk  of  PutoriuH  nigripea  and  P.  putoriua. 

2.  Skulls  of  Putoriua  arvticus,  alaacenaia,  cicognani,  streatori,  and  rijcoaua. 

3.  SkuWa  o{  Putoriua  frcnaiua,  longivauda,  and  tropicalia. 

4.  Skulls  of  Putoriua  noveboracenaia,  waahingtoni,  nm\j)eninaulu\ 

5.  Skulls  of  Putoriua  longieauda,  cicognani,  noveboracenaia,  rixoaua,  peninaula',  and 

arc<tcH8. 

TEXT  FIGURES. 

1.  Putoriua  nigripea,  $  old.    Trego  County,  Kans. 
2, 3.  Putoriua  cicognani,  $  ad.    Elk  Itiver,  Minnesota. 
4-6.  Putoriua  noveboracenaia,  <?  ad.    A«lironduck8,  New  York. 
7-9.  Putoriua  longieauda,  $  ad.    Fort  Sisseton,  8.  Dakota. 
10, 11.  Putoriua  longieauda  apadix,  $  .    Elk  River,  Minnesota. 
12-14.  Putoriua  arizonenaia,  i  ad.     Boulder  County,  Colo. 

15.  Putoriua  frenatua,  9  ad.     Cofre  de  Perote,  Vera  Cruz.  Mexico. 

16.  Putoriua  trojncalia,  $  ad.    Jico,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

i 


€5 


No.  11. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA. 


June,  1896. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  WEASELS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

By  C.  Hart  Mehriam. 

The  present  synopsis  includes  the  one  ferret  and  all  of  the  weasels 
yet  discovered  in  North  America  north  of  Panama.  Of  the  true  weasels 
(subgenus  Ictis  )  no  less  than  22  species  and  subspecies  are  here  recog- 
nized, 11  of  which  are  described  for  the  first  time. 

Until  very  recently  the  group  has  been  in  a  state  of  chaos,  but  now, 
thanks  to  Outram  J^angs's  excellent  paper  entitled  'A  review  of  the 
weasels  of  eastern  North  America,"  the  obscurity  that  has  so  long 
surrounded  our  eastern  species  has  been  cleared  away  and  the  task  of 
revising  the  whole  group  is  rendered  comparatively  easy.  Additional 
material  is  needed  from  certain  parts  of  the  West,  particularly  from 
southeastern  Alaska  and  the  middle  and  northern  parts  of  the  Great 
Basin,  and  much  remains  to  be  learned  respecting  the  extent  to  which 
intergradation  exists  between  allied  forms  having  contiguous  ranges. 

Excepting  the  circumpolar  type,  represented  in  America  by  the  weasel 
of  the  barren  grounds  {Putoritis  arcticua  nob.),  and  in  Eurasia  by  the 
closely  related  P.  crminea^  the  weasels  of  North  America  fall  naturally 
into  two  groups,  characterized  by  important  cranial  difl'erences,  and 
having  complementary  geographic  ranges.  The  first  is  a  boreal  group 
comprising  five  forms:  riehardsoni,  alascensia,  cicognani,  streatori,  and 
rixoHUSy  the  southernmost  of  which  {cicognani)  reaches  only  the  northern 
United  States.  The  other  is  an  austral  group  comprising  the/rc»a<M« 
and  longicauda  series  and  including  P.  peninsula;  of  Florida.  Of  this 
series  only  a  single  species  (P.  arizonensia)  reaches  the  lowermost  of  the 
boreal  zones,  and  this  only  in  the  mountains. 

Between  these  two  groups  are  two  very  interesting  species,  novehora- 
censis  and  tropicalitt — the  former  inhabfting  the  eastern  United  States, 
the  latter  the  tropical  belt  of  Mexico.  Mr.  Bangs  has  already  shown 
that  the  female  of  P.  noveboracensis  resembles  P.  cieognanij  while  the 
male  resembles  P.  longicauda.  The  case  of  P.  tropicalis  is  exactly 
parallel,  the  female  resembling  ctcognani,  while  the  male  resembles 
frenatm. 

'  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Waahingtou,  X,  pp.  1-24,  Feb.  25,  1896. 


NORTH    AMKIllCAN    FAUNA. 


[No.  11. 


Ainoiif^  iiuiininiils  tho  fuiiiiilu  is  ot't4>ii  Iush  s|hh  iali/od  tlian  tlio  male 
and  coiise(|iieiitly  hvuvH  iiioro  rcscMublanci'-  to  the  ancostial  Ntix^k,  thus 
giving  a  cUnv  t(t  the  line  of  descent  wlien  this  (;an  not  be  determined 
from  the  male  alone.  In  the  present  instance  tlie  females  of  lunuhora- 
censhimA  troplrolin  have,  small,  smootidy  rounded  skulls  without  sagit 
tal  crestH  and  with  mirrow  au<lital  bullic  and  inMated  s(|uainosals,  as 
in  the  cicognani  stuies,  while  the  nniles  have  lar};e  angular  skulls  with 
well-developed  sagittal  crests,  relatively  broad  audital  bulla',  and  Hat 
squamosals,  as  in  the  hnujlcauda-J'rnuUuH  series.  The  inference  is  that 
the  austral  lonffUunuhifienntUH  series  was  derived  from  the  boreal 
cicognani  stock,  and  that  the  dit!erentiation  took  place  in  the  Houth. 
P.  novehoracensis  o(!(!Ui>ies  middle  ground  geographically,  and  may  have 
become  dift'erentiated  from  cicognani  under  existing  conditions  in  the 
area  it  now  inhabits;  but  1\  iropicalin,  which  inhabits  tropical  Mexico, 
must  either  have  originated  from  the  cicognani  stock  when  the  latter 
was  driven  southward  by  the  (;old  of  the  Olacial  epoch,  or  must  have 
accomplished  a  very  rennirkable  migration. 

Turidng  now  to  the  weasel  of  the  tundras  ( /*.  arcUciiH)^  the  female  is 
also  found  to  resemble  the  cicognani  type,  indicating — at  least  so  far 
as  the  American  species  go — that  the  whole  group  (subgenus  IcUh)  has 
sprung  from  jin  au(!estral  tj'i)e  related  to  /'.  cicognani. 

Probably  cicognani  itself  is  a  strongly  specialized  type,  although  the 
special i/ation  took  place  a  long  time  ago  and  seems  to  have  been  in 
the  direction  of  greater  simplicity.  The  tendenciy  has  been  toward  a 
narrowing  of  the  skull  as  a  whole  and  the  obliteration  of  its  i)romi- 
iiences  and  angles.  The  zygomata  have  been  reduced  ami  drawn  in 
close  to  the  sides  of  the  <;ranium,  and  the  braiu  case  has  been  nar- 
rowed, elongated,  and  smoothly  rounded  oH',  as  if  to  eiuible  the  head  to 
pass  through  small  oi)enings.  The  body  as  a  whole  has  undergone 
parallel  modification,  ])resenting  the  extreme  degree  of  sleuderuess 
known  among  the  mammalia.  This  type  of  weasel  seems  to  have  been 
developed  for  the  express  purpose  of  preying  uimn  field  mice  or  voles, 
its  narrow  skull  and  cylindrical  body  enabling  it  to  enter  and  follow 
■  heir  runways  and  subterranean  galleries.  The  extreme  development 
of  the  type  is  presented  in  P.  rixosus  and  P.  strcatori,  whose  exceed- 
ingly small  size  and  almost  serpentine  form  make  it  possible  for  them 
to  triiverse  the  burrows  of  even  the  smaller  mice. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  the  geographic  range  of  the  cicognani 
group  is  almost  coincident  with  that  of  the  field  mice  of  the  subgenus 
Microtus.  Farther  south,  where  these  mice  occur  sparingly  or  not  at 
all,  the  cicognani  series  of  weasels  is  replaced  by  the  larger  and  more 
powerful  longicauda-frcnatus  series.  Where  the  ranges  of  the  two 
overlap,  as  on  the  northern  ])hiins,  the  large  weasel  (P.  longicauda) 
preys  chiefly  on  pocket  gophers  [Thomomys  and  Oeomym)  and  ground 
squirrels  {Spermophilns  franklini  and  ^\  13lincatUH),  while  the  smaller 
species  {cicognani  and  rixosus)  prey  cliiefly  on  mice. 


Junk,  1896.]  SYNOPSIS   OP   THE   WEASELS   OP   NORTH   AMEHICA.  7 

Hiniilarly  in  the  far  North,  where  the  fro/.en  tuiidras  are  inhabited  by 
]enimin;;H  as  well  as  voles,  two  weasels  are  i)resent:  the  tiny,  nariow- 
sUnlled  rijoHus,  which  feeds  nuiinly  on  mice,  and  the  largo,  hroadsknlled 
an'tirnSf  which  feeds  chiefly  on  lemmings  and  rabbits. 

1 1  seems  clear,  therefore,  that  the  different  types  of  weasels  have  been 
developed  by  adaptation  to  particnhir  kinds  of  food. 

It  is  mnch  to  be  regretted  tiiat  spe«imens  of  the  South  American 
weasels  are  not  available  for  study  in  connecticm  with  the  North  Amer- 
i«!an  species.  The  only  one  1  have  seen  is  /*. o^Tinis  iiray,  whi«;h  ranges 
from  Costa  Kica  to  northern  South  America.  While  differing  specif- 
ically ii'imifrenatuH  it  clearly  behnigs  to  the  same  group. 

Except  in  winter,  weasels  are  usually  so  <liHicnll,  to  ])rocnre  in  imy- 
thing  like  satisfactory  series  that  but  few  are  available  from  most  of 
the  hxialities  represented  in  collections.  As  u  rule,  the  number  is  too 
small  to  afford  reliable  average  measurements;  hence  the  averages  hero 
given  are  subject  to  correction. 

The  skull  drawings  in  1*1.  1  and  tliose  in  the  text  (except  flgs.  10, 
11,  15,  and  10)  were  made  by  Benjamin  Mortimer.  Those  in  Tls.  II  to 
V,  inclusive,  were  drawn  by  Dr.  James  C.  McConnell  under  the  sui)er- 
vision  of  the  author.  About  half  of  the  skulls  shown  in  the  latter 
jjlates  were  used  by  Mr.  Bangs  in  his  ])aper  .:lready  referred  to. 

pjxcept  where  the  contrary  is  distinctly  stated,  all  the  measurements 
in  this  i)aper  were  taken  in  the  flesh  by  the  collector.  It  is  hardly 
necessary  to  add  that  all  ineasurements  are  in  millimeters. 

Genus  PUTORIUS  Cuvier,  1817. 

Key  to  subgenera  (for  Americnu  forma  only) : 

Size  large,  abont  equaling  the  mink  {Lutreola);  facial  bar  black;  legs  and  feet 
abruptly  darker  than  upper  parts subgenus  Pntofiiia. 

Size  medium  or  small,  never  more  than  half  as  large  as  tUo  mink  (Liitreola); 
facial  bar  white  or  absent;  legs  and  feet  concolor  with  or  paler  than  up]»er 
parts subgenus  Jvtia. 


Subgenus  PUTORIUS  Cuvier,  1817. 

Putorina  Cuvier :  R»-gne  Animal,  I,  147-149,  1817. 
Cyiiomjionax  Conem  Fur-Bearing  Animals,  99,  147-148,  1877, 

iMJTORIUS  NIGRIPES  And.  &-  «ach.  lUac^k-footed  Ferret. 

(PI.  I,  ligs.  1,  la,  lb.) 

1851.  Patoriua  nigripea  Aud.  &  Bach. :  Quadrupeds  N.  Am.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  297-299,  pi. 

93,  1851. 
1877.  Cooes:  Fur- Bearing  Animals,  149-153,  1877. 

Type  locality. — Plains  of  the  Platte  lliver,  in  Nebraska. 

Oeographic  range. — Great  Plains,  from  western  North  Dakota  and 
northern  Montana  to  Texas ;  not  known  west  of  eastern  base  of  Kocky 
Mountains. 

Characters. — Size  of  the  mink;  ears  rather  large;  color  buffy,  with  a 


8 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


(Ko.n 


ilui'k  aron  in  miiMIc  of  lm<'k;  foro  mid  liiiul  feet,  cinl  of  tail,  and  band 

across  liU'e  (inclndinf;:  eyes)  lilaek. 

Color. — ( I  round  eolor   palo  yellowish   or  butfy  above  and   below, 

clouded  on  top  of  head  (and  sometimes  on  neck  also)  by  dark-tipped 
liairs;  fac(^  <n<)ssed  by  a  broad  band  of  sooty  bla(;k,  which  includes  the 
eyes;  feet,  lower  ))art  of  le;;a,  terminal  third  of  tail,  and  preputial 
rejjion,  sooty  black;  back,  about  nudway  between  fore  and  hind  legs, 
marked  by  a  large  patcdi  of  dark  umber-brown,  which  fades  insensibly 
into  the  buify  of  surrounding  parts;  muzzle,  lips,  chin,  a  small  spot 
over  each  eye,  a  iuirr(»w  band  behind  black  facial  bar,  and  sides  of 
head  to  and  including  ears,  soiled  white;  anterior  margin  of  ear  near 
base  (ilouded  with  dusky. 

Cranial  rhardctrrs. — Skull  large  and  massive,  very  broad  between 
orbits,  and  deeply  constricted  behind  postorbital  processes,'  which  are 
strongly  developed;  zygomata  strongly  bowed  outward;  audital  bulhe 
obli(piely  liattmied  on  outer  side;  a  prominent  bead  over  lachrymal 
opening. 

Compared  with  our  American  weasels,  the  skull  of  PutoriuH  nigripeft 

may  be  told  at  a  glance 
by  its  great  size,  the 
basilar  length  in  adult 
males  averaging  about 
G5  mm.,  and  in  females 
about  02  mm.  Compared 
with  P.  cversmanni  of 
southern  Siberia,  it  may 
be  distinguished  by  the 
greater  postmolar  pro- 
duction of  the  palate, 
and  by  other  minor  cra- 
nial characteis.  From 
the  common  ])olecat  of  luirope  {Putorius  putorim)  it  ditters  in  several 
important  characters,  as  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  PI.  I.  In  P.  puto- 
ritis  the  postorbital  region  is  very  broad,  the  postmolar  part  of  the 
palate  ex(!eedingly  long,  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  audital  bullae  very 
•  different. 

Rcmarla. — The  black-footed  ferret  bears  no  resemblance  whatever  to 
any  other  American  mammal,  but  is  very  closely  related  to  the  Sibe- 
rian Putorius  ercrsmanni.  It  differs  from  the  latter  in  having  much 
shorter  and  coarser  fur,  larger  ears,  and  longer  postmolar  extension 
of  the  palate. 

In  some  specimens  of  Putorius  niffripcs  the  pale  buify  of  the  under 
parts  is  clouded  across  the  breast  between  the  fore  legs,  suggesting  the 
dark  breast  of  7'.  crersmanni.    The  <lark  facial  mask  encircles  the  eyes 

'This  constriction  decpena  with  ago,  ns  in  all  the  weaselfl.  It  is  very  deep  in  the 
slcnll  shown  in  the  accompanying  text  figure  ((ig.  1),  which  is  that  of  an  old  indi- 
vidual; much  less  deep  in  the  younger  specimen  shown  on  PI.  I,  fig.  1. 


Fifi.  I— Putorius  nignpes  rf  aH,    Trego  County,  Kann. 


ivo.n 


JiniB,l8Wi.]  HYNUPfllS   OP   THE    WEASELS   OF   NORTH    AMERICA. 


9 


(including  the  wliitisli  nupraorbittil  npot)  nnd  dipn  sligtitly  forward 
before  iiaHsiiig  transverHi'ly  uitohs  tlio  f'lU'e,  so  that  Its  i>o8terior  border 
is  in  front  of  the  phme  of  tlie  outer  angles  of  the  eyoH.  Its  anterior 
l)order  RometiineH  extends  forward  abnoHt  to  the  nasal  pad,  but  this  is 
unusual.  The  blaclv  of  the  feet  reaches  up  and  rovers  the  fore  leg  to 
the  elbow,  exeept  along  the  outer  si<le,  and  the  hind  leg  to  near  the 
knee,  except  posteriorly. 

Measurements.^ — Average  of  .i  males:  Total  length,  TiTO;  tail  verte- 
bra', 133;  hind  foot,  00.  Average  of  2  females:  Total  length,  r>0(>;  tall 
vertebra',  120;  hind  foot,  55. 

Crnnial  meaHuremeniH. — Average  of  4  skulls  of  adult  males:  Hasal 
length, 04;  basilar  length  of  I lensel,  02.5;  zygomatic  breadth,  43;  mas 
toid  breadth,  37;  breadth  across  postorbltal  i)ro(!e8Mes,  22.5;  intcror 
bital  breadth,  18;  breadth  of  constricti(»n,  12.5;  palat.al  length,  3."i; 
postpalatal  length,  31. .5.  Average  of  2  skulls  of  a<lult  females: 
Basal  length,  60.5;  basilar  length  of  Hensel  "S.5;  zygomatic  breadth, 
39;  mastoid  breadth,  34.5;  breadtli  across  ]»>  I  orbital  processes,  20; 
interorbital  breadth,  10.5;  breadth  of  constriction,  12;  palatal  length, 
31;  postpalatal  length,  20. 

Siihgenns  ICTIS  Kaup,  1829. 

leiis  Kanp:  Entwickelnngs-Cieschichte  nnd  Natnilii;h»>s  System  dor  Enropiilsrhen 

Tbierwelt,  pp.  40-41,  1829.     (('ontainH  only  n  ningle  speoieH,   Mualela  rulijarin.) 

Sclinlze:  Fanniu  Saxouiot*,  Mnmmalia,  p.  170,  1898. 
Arctogale  Kanp:  KntwickeluugH-Oescbichto  nnd  Naturliclien  SyBteiii  der  Knropiii- 

schen  Thierwelt,  p.  30,  182{>.     (Contains  two  species,  erminea  and  hoccamela.) 
Oa/e  Wagner:  Snpplenient  Schrober's  Siingtliiere,  II,  p.  2IW,  IS'll.     (Contains  font 

species, /r<!nff<M«,  erminea,  hoccamela,  anA  vnlgaria.) 

The  names  Ictis  and  Arctogale  were  i)ropo8ed  simultaneously  in  the 
same  publication.  Each  is  accompanied  by  a  diagnosis  and  included  spe- 
cies. The  two  immes,  therefore,  according  to  Canon  18  of  the  A.  O.  U. 
Code  of  Nonjenclature,  are  equally  pertinent.  In  sequence  of  pagina- 
tion Arcfogfaie  comes  10  pages  ahead  of  Ictis.  Ictis  contains  a  single 
species  {vulgaris  =  niralis  Linn.),  while  Arctogale  has  two  {erminea 
and  hoccamela).    The  reasons  for  choosing  Ictis  instead  of  Arctogale  are : 

(1)  The  type  of  IcHs  is  fixed  beforehand,  since  it  contained  only  a  single 
sijecies,  while  in  Arctogale  the  type  must  be  established  arbitrarily; 

(2)  Arctogale  is  now  in  current  use  for  another  genus  of  small  carniv- 
ora;*  to  transfer  it  to  a  different  group  would  lead  to  mucli  confusion, 
and  would  be  a  great  and  seemingly  unnecessary  calamity.  Hence, 
since  there  is  no  rule  to  the  contrary,  the  better  course  seems  to  be  to 
adopt  Ictis  and  allow  Arctogale  *o  fall  into  synonymy. 

■  The  nnmber  of  speoimeus  of  wbicli  reliable  tlesh  measurements  are  available  is 
too  small  to  afford  satisfactory  averages. 

^Arctogale  Peters,  1864,  a  genuH  of  Vivcrridjp ;  Gray,  Proc.  Zool,  Soc.  London,  1864, 
pp.508, 542-543;  Blanford,  Fanna  Britisb  India,  M.amiualia,  p.  114, 1888;  Flower  and 
Lydekker,  Introduction  to  Study  of  Mammals,  p.  533,  1891;  Lydekkcr,  Royal  Nat. 
Hist.,  I,  p.  461, 1893-94. 


10 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


[No.  11. 


Furthermore,  Ictis  has  been  already  revived  by  Schul/.e  (Fauiue 
Saxonicib,  Mammalia,  170,  1893),  though  used  by  him  iu  a  much  more 
compreheusive  sense  than  that  originally  intended.^ 

Lint  o.;  North  American  Ifeaneh  with  type  localities. 


4 
5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
lU 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
]() 
17 
18 
IQ 
20 
21 
22 


No-i 


Nnmo. 


Type  locality. 


Puioriui  eieognani !  Xoi-theasteni  North  America  (north  of  lat.  41°) 

cicngnani  rickartlsoni |  Fori  Franklin,  Great  Bear  Lake. 

richardsoni  alascenain •ruiicau,  Alanka. 

Htreaton Skagit  Valley,  Washington. 

rixomis 0«ler,  Saskatchcn'an. 

arcticni I'oint  Barrow,  Alaska. 

arctieuf  kaiUacenxia Kiidiak  Island,  Alaska. 

noveboraeensis ^  State  of  Now  York. 

wathingtoni Trout  Lake,  Mount  Adani^    ^Va.shington. 

peninsula; Tarpon  Sprin gs,  Florida. 

Inngicauda Carlton  llou.sc,  Saskatchewan. 

longicavda  spadix Fort  Suelling,  Minn. 

taturatuH Siskiyou  Mountains,  Oregon. 

arizoiieiisu Flagstaff,  Arizona. 

alleni '  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota. 

xanthogeiiyn Southern  California. 

xanthagetiys  oirgimensig llogue  ""Jiver  Valley,  Oregon.    ■ 

frenatns A'i.lley  of  Mex ico. 

frenatus  goldmani I'inabete,  Chiapas,  Mexioo. 

frenatus  leucoparia I'at'/iouaro,  Michoacan,  Mexico. 

tropicalis  Jico,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

affinit Colombia,  South  America. 


PUT0RIU8  CICOGNANI  Honap.     Honaimrto's  Weasel. 

(PI.  II,  figs.  3,  3a,  4,  4a.) 

1829.  MuateJa  (Patoriiis)  vulgaris  Richardson:  Fauna  BoreaU-Americana,  Mammalia, 
pp.  45-16,  1829. 

1838.  Mustela  cicognanii  Bonaparte:  Ic.onografia  Fauna  Italica,  I,  fasc.  XXII,  p.  4, 

18;«;  Cliarlesworth's  Maj;-.  Nat.  Hist.,  II,  p.  37,  .Ian.,  1838. 

1839.  Piitorius  cicognanii  llicLanlson  :  Zoology  Beechey's  Voyage,  p.  10*,  1839. 
1857.      Bainl :  Mammals  North  America,  pp.  161-163,  1857. 

1891.      Mearns:  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  N.  Y.,  Ill,  p.  2.35,  May,  1891. 

1896.  I'litorius  richardsoni  cicognani  Bangs :  Proc.  Biol,  Soc.Wash.,  X,  pp.  18-21,  Feb.  25, 

1896. 
1877.  Piitorius  vulgaris  Cones:  Fur- Bearing  Animals,  pp.  102-109,  1877.    Merrlam: 

Mammals  Adirondacks,  pp.  54-56,  1882  (habits) ;  and  most  recent  authors. 

Type  locality. — Northeastern  North  Ameri(*a. 

Oeographic  distribution. — Boreal  forest  coveied  parts  of  North  Amer- 
ica from  New  England  and  Labrador  to  coast  of  southeastern  Alaska 
(Juneau,  Wrangol,  and  Loring),  and  south  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to 
Colorado  (Silverton).  It  occurs  in  the  interior  of  British  Columbia  (at 
Sicamous),  but  in  tlie  Puget  Sound  region  is  replaced  by  a  smaller  and 


'  Hehulze  included  in  Tctis  the  two  Kuntpean  weasels,  ruhjaria  and  erminea,  and 
4tlao  the  miuk,  hUreola,  and  polecat,  imtoria. 


'jcME,i896.]  SYNOPSIS   OF   THE   WEASELS   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


11 


darker  form,  P.  strmtori.  In  tlie  Fnited  States  it  is  common  in  New 
England  and  New  York,  and  in  the  tbrest-(!overed  parts  of  Minnesota. 
It  i>robably  o(!cnrs  also  in  northern  Micihigan  and  AViscousin. 
'  General  characters. — Size  small;  tail  slender  and  rather  short;  (tolor 
of  under  i)arts  covering  toes  and  inner  sides  of  hoth  fore  and  hind  feet; 
color  of  upper  parts  never  encroaching  on  belly,  but  ending  along  a 
straight  line. 

Color. — l'pi)er  parts  in  summer  pelage :  uniform  dark  brown,  hardly 
darker  on  head;  end  of  tail  blackish ;  no  dark  spot  behind  coiners  of 
month;  under  parts,  usually  including  upper  lip,  white,  more  or  less 
tinged  with  yellow.  In  iri  titer  pelage:  jiurc  white  with  a  strong  yellow- 
ish tinge  on  rump,  tail,  and  under  i)arts;  end  of  tail  black. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  small,  light,  narrow,  and  elongated  with- 
out marked  postorbital  processes,  and  only  a  slight  ]>ostorbital  constric- 
tion; xygonuita  narrow,  and  not  bowed  outward;  brain  case  elongate 
and  subcylindric;  audital  bulhe  small,  narrow,  and  subcylindric,  almost 
continuous  anteriorly  (except  in  old  age) 
with  the  greatly  inflated  squamosals; 
palate  mirrow;  the  tooth  rows  more 
nearly  i)arallel  than  in  the  other  spe 
cies;  skull  of  female  similar  to  that 
of  male,  but  smaller.  Contrasted  with 
richardsoui,  the  skull  of  cieof/nani  is 
smaller,  the  audital  bulhe  deci<l<dly 
smaller,  and  the  dentition  lighter.  In 
nearly  every  series  of  cieoynani  there  are 
one  or  two  old  males  whose  skulls  are 
.abnormally  large  and  closely  resembh^ 
skulls  of  rich(U'(h(nii^  except  that  the 
audital  bulhe  are  always  smaller. 

Measurements. — Average  of  5  males  from  Ossipee,  N.  H. :  Total 
length,  278;  tail  vertebr;i',  SO;  hind  foot,  3(»..j.  Average  of  3  females: 
Total  length,  230;  tail  vertebra', CD ;  hind  foot,  30. o. 

I'UTORirS  ("ICOONANI  laCHAKDSONI  (Itoiiiip.).     Rieliiinlson's  Weiisel. 

182f).  Muntela  (Putorins)  erminea  Richardson:  I'iiiina  ISoroali-Aiiicricaiia,  ])]>.  KJ-IT, 
1829.  (In  part:  spociineii  from  Fort  Franklin,  (Jreut  IJcar  Lake.  Not  M. 
(Tmii.ea  Linn.) 

1838.  Mimteht  richarthoui  lionap. :  Charlcsworth's  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  \u\.  XI,  p.   38, 

1838.     (hasiid  on  liiclianlsson's  Hpeoinien  from  (iroat  Mcar  Lak<<). 

1839.  I'litoritiH  richardxoiti  Rich. :  Zool.  Heechey's  Voyaji;t!  uflSlosboni,  Mammalia,  10*, 

1839. 
18!HJ.       Itangci:  Proc.  Hiol.  Soc.  Washn.,  X,  pp.  1-24,  Fob.  2ri,  189(J.     (In  part.) 

Type  locality. — Fort  Franklin,  Great  Bear  Lake. 

Geographic  ilistrihntion. — Iludsonian  timber  bc^lt  from  Hudson  Bay 
to  interior  of  Alaska  and  liritish  Columbia. 

General  charavt-rs. — Similar  to  /'.  eieognani  but  larger;  tail  of 
medium  length,  its  terminal  third  black. 


Fios.  2  and  3.— i'.  cicoynani  </  ud.  Elk 
Kivur,  Miuuesota. 


12 


NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA. 


[So.  11. 


Color. — Upper  parts  dull  chocolate  brown,  tbis  color  reacliiuj?  down 
on  both  fore  and  hind  feet  to  base  of  toes;  underparts  whitish,  more 
or  less  suffused  with  yellowish,  the  pale  color  extending  out  in  a  very 
narrow  and  sometimes  interrupted  strip  along  inner  side  of  hind  feet 
to  toes;  tail  concolor  all  around  except  at  tip,  which  is  black  for  about 
onC'third  the  total  length  of  tail.  In  irinler  pelage:  white  all  over 
except  terminal  third  of  tail,  which  is  black;  rump  and  belly  more  or 
less  tinged  with  yellowish. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  long,  narrow,  and  snbcylindric  like  that  of 
dcoffnani,  from  whicli  it  differs  chiefly  in  larger  size,  larger  audital 
bulhii,  and  heavier  dentition. 

RemarTis. — P.  riehardsoni,  as  pointed  out  by  Mr.Bangs,  is  simply  a  more 
northern  form  of  cicoflnani,  with  which  it  intergrades  completely.  It 
inhabits  the  Hudsonian  timber  /one  while  cieognani  inhabits  the  Cana- 
dian. On  the  north,  where  the  timber  ends  and  the  tundra  begins,  the 
range  of  riehardsoni  meets  that  of  nrctieus.  The  two  species  differ 
widely  in  both  cranial  and  external  characters.  The  light  subcylindric 
skulls  oi  riehardsoni^  with  the  narrow  frontals  and  oppressed  zygomata, 
require  no  comparison  with  the  broa<l  massive  skulls  of  arctictts  with 
their  broadly  flattened  frontals  and  widely  spreading  zygomata.  Tlio 
external  differences  are  almost  as  marked.  In  riehardsoni  the  under- 
parts are  nearly  white  or,  at  most,  only  tinged  with  pale  yellowish ;  the 
color  of  the  upper  parts  covers  both  fore  and  hind  feet,  reaching  the 
base  of  the  toes;  the  tail  is  relatively  long,  con(U)lor  except  at  the  tip, 
which  is  black  for  about  one-third  its  length.  In  arctieus  the  under 
parts  are  deep  yellow ;  the  color  of  the  upper  parts  stops  short  of  the 
fore  feet  and  reaches  only  halfway  down  the  hind  feet;  the  tail  is  short, 
yellow  below  on  its  basal  half,  and  hys  a  long,  black  pencil  covering  at 
least  half  its  entire  length.' 

Measurements. — (From  ury  skin  of  male  from  Fort  Simpson):  Total 
length,  390;  tail  vertebrae,  95;  hind  toot,  43  (probably  45). 

PUTORIUS  RICHARDS^NI  ALASCENSIS  subsp.  nov.     .Inneaii  Weasel. 

(PI.  II,  Hg8.  2,  2a.) 

Jj^j>«from  Jnnean,  Alaska.     No.  74423,   <?  a»l.,  U.  S.  National  Mnsenm,  Depi.  Agric. 
coll.    Collected  August  22,  1895,  by  Clark  P.  Streator.    Original  number  480G. 

General  characters. — Similar  in  size  and  general  appearance  to  P. 
riehardsoni,  but  white  tips  of  fore  and  hind  feet  more  extensive  and 
interorbital  region  very  much  broader. 

Color. — Upper  parts  dull  chocolate  brown,  this  color  reaching  down 
on  fore  legs  to  wrists  and  on  hind  legs  to  middle  of  upper  side  of  feet; 


'It  is  not  strange  that  Mr.  Bangs  failed  to  discriminate  between  arcileus  and 
Hohardaoni.  Tlie  available  material  is  scanty  and  mostly  of  poor  «juality,  and  most 
of  the  skins  had  the  skulls  inside.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  F.  W.  True,  cura- 
tor of  mammals  in  the  United  States  National  Museum,  the  skulls  have  been  removed 
and  placed  at  my  disposal. 


JpNic,1896.]  SYNOPSIS   OP   THE    WEASELS   OP   NOKTH   AMERICA. 


13 


terminal  third  of  tail  black  5  under  parts,  including  upper  li]),  fore  feet, 
and  distal  half  of  liind  feet,  soiled  white,  tinged  with  yellowish.  Winter 
pelage  probably  white. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  siutilar  to  that  of  P.  richardMoni,  but  very 
much  broader  between  orbits  and  across  muzzle;  postorbital  processes 
more  strongly  developed;  constriction  deeper. 

Remarks. — Mr.  Streator  obtained  two  males  of  this  new  weasel  at 
Juneau  in  the  latter  part  of  August.  He  obtained  also,  at  the  same  i)lace 
and  time,  three  females,  which  in  color  and  markings  agree  with  the 
males,  but  are  hardly  half  as  large.  Their  skulls  are  as  small  as  those 
of  true  cicognani,  which  they  closely  resemble.  If  they  are  the  females 
of  alascensis,  as  seems  probable,  then  this  weasel  exhibits  as  great 
sexual  difference  in  size  as  P.  noveboracensis,  in  which  resi)ect  it  stands 
unique  as  a  member  of  the  cicognani  group.  The  only  alternate  possi- 
bility is  that  cicognani  and  alascensis  occur  together  at  Juneau,  and  that 
of  the  5  specimens  collected  there  by  Streator  the  2  males  are  alascensis 
and  the  3  females  cicognani. 

Measurements. — Average  of  two  males  from  Juneau,  Alaska:  Total 
length,  335;  tail  vertebra^,  95;  hind  foot,  48.  Average  of  three  females 
from  same  place:  Total  length,  270;  tail  vertebrae,  77;  hind  foot,  34. 


PUTOKIUS  STREATORI  sp.  iiov.     Puget  Sound  Weasel. 

(PI.  II,  figs.  5,  5a,  6,  60.) 

Type  from  Mouut  Vemoii,  Skagit  Valley,  Washington.    No.  76646,  <?  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll.    Coll.  Feb.  29, 1896,  by  D.  R.  Luckey.    (Original  number  3  ) 

Geographic  distribution. — Puget  Sound  and  coast  region  of  Washing- 
ton and  Oregon;  south  at  least  to  Yaquina  Bay  (Newport),  Oregon. 
Confined  to  a  narrow  strip  along  the  coast. 

General  characters. — Similar  to  Putorius  cicognani,  but  smaller  and 
darker,  with  color  of  upper  parts  encroaching  on  belly. 

Color. — Upper  parts,  including  upper  lip  and  fore  and  hind  feet, 
uniform  dark  chocolate  brown,  darkest  on  head,  and  encroaching  far 
on  beily  and  throat  (often  meeting  along  middle  of  belly);  terminal 
third  of  tail  black;  under  parts  narrowly  and  irregularly  white,  faintly 
tinged  with  yellowish.  In  winter  pelage  at  low  altitudes  the  color  of 
the  upper  parts  is  paler  (almost  drab  brown)  and  the  toes  may  become 
white ;  at  higher  altitudes  the  whole  animal  changes  to  white, '  except 
the  end  of  the  tail,  which  always  remains  black. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  of  male  similar  to  that  of  male  cicognani, 
but  smaller,  slightly  broader  interorbi tally,  and  with  somewhat  more 


'Mr.  R.  E,  Darrell,  of  Port  Moody,  British  C'^lumbia,  writes  mo :  "  I  have  discovered 
that,  although  the  weasels  do  not  change  color  down  near  suit  water,  they  do  change)  to 
the  white  winter  coat  in  tlie  mountains."  Specimens  in  the  Department  collection 
from  Mount  Adams,  Washington,  killed  in  February  and  March,  are  in  the  white 
winter  pcla<ie.  The  typo  and  u  female  from  the  same  locality  (Mount  VefuoUj 
Skagit  Valley)  are  iu  the  drab-browu  winter  )*ela(|re. 


14 


NORTH    AMKltlCAN    FAUNA. 


[No.  11. 


I)romiiieiit  postorbitjil  i)roccsfsc.s  uiul  Hiniillcr  iiii(1it:il  bulla'.  Skull  of 
female  very  mucli  sniiilNH"  nud  more  delicate  than  that  of  luale, 
reseuibliug  female  o(  <  ivotjiiuiii,  but.  .simiUer. 

Remarks. — PuUmnH  ntnniori  is  a  dark  l'acili(5  Coast  form  of  cicognani, 
with  which  it  may  be  fouiul  to  intergrade.  It  diH'ers  conspicuously 
from  cicoonani  in  the  color  of  the  under  parts,  tlie  dark  cho(;olate  brown 
of  the  back  and  sides  encroaching  far  on  the  throat  and  usually  meet- 
ing along  the  median  line  of  the  belly,  thus  reducing  the  white  to  a 
narrow  and  irregular  strip,  whi(;h  expands  on  the  anterior  i)art  of  the 
throat,  on  the  breast  behind  the  foie  legs,  and  immediately  in  front  of 
the  hind  legs,  and  stops  abruptly  on  the  under  surface  of  the  thighs. 

Five  winter  specimens  from  Sunias,  IJritish  Columbia,  kindly  loaned 
by  Mr.  Ontram  Jiangs,  point  toward  intergradation  with  cicognam.  In 
three  out  of  the  five,  the  toes  of  both  fore  and  hind  feet  are  white,  and 
the  color  of  the  upT>er  parts  is  much  paler  than  in  summer  i)elage. 
Two  of  these  specimens  have  the  bellies  broadly  white,  as  in  cicognani. 
They  are  also  much  larger  than  strcatori.  Specimens  from  Sicamous, 
in  the  interior  of  British  Columbia,  are  fairly  typical  cieognani,  having 
the  uiuler  parts  broadly  white;  the  upper  lip,  a  strip  along  the  inner 
border  of  the  hind  feet,  and  the  toes  of  both  fore  and  hind  feet,  white. 
Specimens  Irom  southeastern  Alaska  (.Tuneau,  Wrangel,  and  Loring) 
must  also  be  referred  to  cicognani,  and  not  streatori. 

MeasnremenU. — Unfortunately,  no  flesh  measurements  are  available 
from  the  type  locality.  Specimens  from  Trout  Lake,  near  Mount  Adams, 
Washington,  are  slightly  smaller  than  the  Mount  Vernon  specimens, 
and  measure  as  follows:  Average  of  two  adult  males:  Total  length, 
270;  tail  vertebra',  83;  hind  foot,  33.  An  adult  female:  Total  length, 
210;  tail  vertebrae,  51;  hind  foot,  24. 


1857. 


PUTOKIUS  KIXOSUS  Kau<r8.     Bang's  Weasel. 
(PI.  II,  iifjs.  7,  7a.) 
MaintnaLs  N.  Am.,  pp.  159-161,  1857. 


(In  part:  speci- 


Patorim  pusiUiis  Baird ; 
men  from  PiimMna.) 
1896.   T'nforim  rixomii  llaiif>-8:  Proc.  Biol.  Boc.  Wash.,  Vol.  X,  pp.  21-22,  Feb.,  1896. 

Tgpe  locality. — Osier,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 

GeograpJiic  difitrihi<ti(nt. — Boreal  America  from  Fludson  Bay  to  coast 
of  Alaska  (St.  Michaels);  scmth  to  northern  Minnesota  (Pembina)  and 
Montana  (Sun  liiver). 

General  characters. — Smallest  weasel  known;  tail  short  and  without 
black  tip;  only  American  weasel  lacking  the  black  tip. 

Color. — Summer  pelage:  Upper  parts  dark  reddish  brown;  tip  of  tail 
not  darker;  under  parts  white.  In  icinter  pelage:  Pure  white  all  over, 
including  end  of  tail. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  (of  type  specimen,  9  ad.,  No.  042  Bangs' 
Coll.')  very  much  smaller  than  the  smallest  female  of  any  other  known 


'  I  am  indehtod  to  Mr,  Bangs  for  the  privilege  of  examining  this  specimen,     llnfor- 
tuuatoly,  the  busioccipital  is  broken  oil';  hence  the  basilar  length  is  estimated, 


JuNE,i8oe.]  SYNOPSIS   OP   THE    WEASELS   OP    NORTH   AMERICA. 


15 


si)ecies  (total  length  t'roni  occijuit  to  front  of  premaxillsH,  28.5;  basal 
length,  2(!.r);  zygomatic  breadth,  14 ;  length  of  palate,  1 1 ;  interorbital 
breadth,  5.5:  breadth  across  postorbital  processes,  7.5;  length  of  audi- 
ta! bullae,  9.5).  The  skull  is  a  miniature  of  i*.  cicognani  except  that  the 
postorbital  processes  are  more  prominent,  the  brain  case  more  com- 
pressed, and  there  is  a  distinct  sagittal  ridge. 

Meosiirements. — Typo  specimen,  female,  measured  in  flesh:  Total 
length,  150;  tail  vertebra^  31;  hind  foot  in  dry  skins,  20-22. 

PUTOKIUS  ARCTICUS  sp.  iiov.     Tinulia  Weasel. 
(PI.  II,  ligH.  1,  la;  PI.  V,  figs,  fi,  Vui.) 

Tjipe  from  Point  Harrow,  Alaska.    Xo  i;!),'?;^  ^  ad.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.     CollcctedJiily 
16,  1883,  by  John  Minilocb.     Original  nuuibor,  1672. 

Oeoflraphic  difftrihution. — Arctic  coast  «and  tundras.  Specimens  ex- 
amined from  Ander>son  Kiver,  Franklin  Bay,  old  Fort  (lood  Hope,  lower 
Mackenzie  Kivei,  Point  Barrow,  and  St.  Michaels. 

General  characters. — Size  large;  ears  small;  tail  short  btit  with  very 
long  black  pencil;  underi>arts yellow  (including  underside  of  basal  half 
of  tail). 

Color — (Type  specimen,  male  adult.)  Upper  parts,  including  upper 
lip,  dark  yellowish  brown ;  chin  white ;  under  parts  deep  ochraceous  yel- 
low, broadly  including  inner  and  posterior  sides  of  fore  legs,  whole  of 
fore  feet,  distal  half  and  inner  side  of  hind  feet,  and  under  side  of  tall 
to  or  nearly  to  black  tij);  black  tip  very  long,  <overiiig  at  least  half  of 
tail  (including  long  ternnnal  hairs);  color  of  upper  parts  not  encroach- 
ing on  belly.  Imrinfer  pelage,  white  all  over  ('xcei)t  iong  black  tip  of 
tail;  the  white  tinged  with  yellow  posteriorly. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  rather  large,  broad,  and  massive;  frontal 
very  broad  interorbitally;  muzzle  broad  and  blunt;  postorbital  proc- 
esses moderately  develcped;  postorbital  constriction  marked;  zygo- 
mata strongly  bowed  outwjird;  brain  case  subtriangular  and  rather 
short;  audita!  bullic  subcylindric;  postglenoid  space  smaller  than  in 
richardsoni  and  hardly  inflated  except  in  female.  Contrasted  with 
P.  richardsoni,  the  skull  of  P.  arcticus  is  somewhat  larger,  much  broader, 
ind  more  massive;  brain  case  subtriangular  instead  of  subcylindric; 
:5ygomata  bowed  far  outward  instead  of  appressod;  postorbital  i>ro- 
cesses  more  prominent;  postorbital  constriction  much  deeper;  frontal 
much  broader  interorbitally;  ])alato  broader  posteriorly;  dentition 
heavier.  Adult  male  skulls  of  P.  arcticus  resemble  certain  old  males 
of  iiuishingtonij  but  difier  in  much  greater  breadth  of  frontal  between 
orbits,  broader  muzzle,  and  blunter  postorbital  processes.  /*.  arcticus 
resembles  true  erminea  of  Sweden  mu(!h  more  cilosely  than  it  does  any 
American  species. 

Remarks. — Pntorius  arcticus,  which  has  been  heretofore  confounded 
with  erminea.  or  richardsoni,  is  one  of  the  most  strongly  characterized 
species  of  the  genus.    It  is  a  large  animal  with  deep  ochraceous  yellow 


16 


NORTH  AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


[No.U. 


under  parts  and  a  rather  short  tail  which  ends  in  a  remarkably  long 
black  pencil.  The  skull  differs  from  all  other  American  weasels  in  the 
great  breadth  of  the  frontal  region  and  the  breadth  and  bluntuess  of 
the  muzzle,  in  both  of  which  respects  it  resembles  true  erminea.  The 
only  Amerii-an  species  whose  skull  approaches  it  at  all  is  P.  washing- 
toni,  as  mentioned  above.  In  external  characters  the  differences  are 
too  great  to  require  comparison. 

It  is  interesting  to  find  in  this  country  an  Arctic  circumpolar  weasel 
which,  though  specifically  distinct,  is  strictly  the  American  representa- 
tive of  the  Old  World  erminea.  The  pattern  of  coloration,  as  described 
above  (under  color),  is  precisely  as  in  erminea,  but  the  tints  differ 
materially.  The  upper  parts  in  erminea  lack  the  golden  brown  of 
arcticuH,  and  the  under  parts  are  very  much  paler  and  of  a  different 
tint,  being  pale  sulphur  yellow  instead  of  ochraceous.  Moreover, 
arcticuH  lacks  the  whitish  border  to  the  ear  which  is  present  in  erminea. 
In  winter  pelage  the  two  seem  to  be  indistinguishable  except  by  cranial 
characters. 

A  small  form  of  aretieus  occurs  on  Kadiak  Island,  Alaska.  It  has 
smaller  and  narrower  audital  bulla;,  less  spreading  zygomata,  less 
divergent  tooth  rows,  and  decidedly  shorter  postmolar  production  of 
palate.  It  is  probably  worthy  of  recognition  as  subspecies  Jcadia<;ensis. 
An  adult  male  (No.  05290)  collected  April  25,  1804,  by  B.  J.  Bretherton, 
measured  in  the  iiesh:  Total  length,  318;  tail  vertebra?,  80;  hind  foot, 
44.  It  is  in  the  white  winter  pelage,  just  beginning  to  change,  and  the 
terminal  half  of  the  tail  is  black. 

Measurements. — From  dry  skin  of  type,  male  adult,  Point  Barrow, 
Alaska:  Total  length,  3S0;  tail  vertebra?,  75;  pencil,  55;  hind  foot,  48 
(at  least  50  in  the  Hesh). 

PUTORIUS  NOVEBORACENSIS  De  Kay.    New  York  Weasel. 

(PL  IV,  figs.  1,  la,  2,  2a;  PI.  V,  ligs.  3,3a. 
1840.  J'uioriua  novehoracenais  De  Kay :  Catal.  Mammalia  New  York,  j).  18,  1840  inomen 

nudum);  Zoology  of  New  York,  Mammalia,  p.  36,  18<^2, 
1840.      Emmons :  Kept.  Quadrupeds  Massachusetts,  p.  45,  1840. 
1857.      Baird :  Mammals  N.  Am.,  pp.  1(56-169, 1857. 
1896.      Bangs:  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  X,  pp.  13-16,  Feb.  25,  1896. 
1877.  Putoriiia  ( Gale)  erminea  Cones :  Fur-Bearing  Animals,  pp.  109-136  ( in  part),  1877. 
Putorius  erminea  Thompson,  And.  &  Bach,  (part),  Allen,  Merriam,  and  moat  recent 
authors. 

Type  locality. — New  York  State. 

Geographic  iUHtrihution. — Eastern  United  States  from  southern  Maine 
to  North  Carolina,  and  west  to  Illinois. 

General  characters. — Male  large;  female  small;  tail  long  and  bushy, 
much  longer  than  in  cicognoni,  but  shorter  than  in  longicauda;  the 
black  terminal  part  longer  than  in  any  other  species  except  artictis, 
covering  one-third  to  one-half  *he  tail  and  measuring  50  to  75  mm. 
Animal  turns  white  in  winter  in  northern  part  of  range.  Extraordinary 
aexual  difference  in  size  and  cranial  characters. 


Jrj»it,1806.]    SYNOPSIS    OP   THE    WEA!r>ELS   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


17 


Color. — ^Summer  pelaf/e:  Upper  parts,  including;  fore  and  liiiid  leot 
and  aual  region,  and  often  encroacliiiig  irregularly  on  belly,  rieli  dark 
chocolate  brown,  sometimes  suggesting  seal  brown ;  under  j  tarts  (usually 
including  upper  lij))  white,  more  or  less  washed  witli  yoHowish;  no 
yellow  on  under  side  of  tail  or  on  hind  feet,  the  color  of  under  i)arts 
sto])ping  short  of  ankle.  Winter  pihuje:  In  southern  i)art  of  range 
similar  to  summer  pelage,  but  upi>er  parts  paler,  nearly  drab  brown. 
Northern  specimens  white  all  over  except  terminal  third  of  tail,  which 

is  Jet  black;  throat,  belly,  ]H)sterior 
half  of  back  and  tail  always  suffused 
with  yellowish. 

Cninifil  characters. — kSkull  of  male 
large,  heavy,  and  elongate;  sagittal 
ridge  present  in  adults;  postorbital 
l>r<)cesses  and  constriction  mod- 
erately   develoi>ed;    zygomatu    not 


Fia.4. — Pvtoniis  wwehiiraeeniis  (f  art 
(larks,  New  York. 


Atllron- 


bowed  outirartl;  audita!  bulla'  rather 
narrowly  oval,  usually  rounded  an- 
teriorly as  well  as  posteriorly.  Skull  of  female  very  small,  light,  and 
narrow,  with  brain  case  elongate  and  subcylindric,  uiuch  as  in  cicof/nani; 
audital  bulhe  small,  narrow,  and  not  rising  abruptly  anteriorly  from 
inflated  scjuamosals,  which  latter  are  elongated  and  strongly  inflat'd  as 
in  cicognani.  Skulls  of  nudes  may  be  distinguished  from  those  of  male 
longicamhi  by  shorter  i)ostorbital  processes,  less  marked  postorbital 
constriction,  less  triangular  brain  case,  lower  sagittal  ridge,  very  much 
narrower  zygomata,  which  arc  not  botved  ontirard,  narrower  palate,  and 
narrower  audital  bulhe,  which  are  more  rounde«l  anteriorly.  The  resem- 
blance to  1\  washingtoni  is  very  much  closer,  but  male  skulls  of  norebo- 


} 


Fl(iS.  5  and  0. — I'ulnriua  nurfhiintciiinis.     Ailii'oiiilack.s,  >itnv  York. 

racensin  nmy  be  distinguished  by  larger  si/e  and  mu<'h  larger  audital 
bullee.  The  lemale  skull,  owing  to  the  inflation  of  its  squamosals 
inferiorly,  needs  no  comparison  with  either  irashingtoni  or  longicauda, 
but  is  with  dithculty  separated  from  cicognani  in  regions  where  the  two 
species  overlap.  The  postorbital  processes  are  longer  and  the  «;ar- 
nassial  and  sectorial  teeth  larger  in  the  feimiles  of  noreboracenxis  than 
in  cicognani  from  the  same  localities. 

RcmarhH. — Putorius  noveboracensls  may  usually  be  distinguished  from 
P.  cicognani  by  larger  size  and  also  by  the  longer  and  more  bushy  tail, 
16932— No.  11 2 


18 


NORTH   AMERICAN  FAUNA. 


[No,  11. 


and  greater  length  of  the  black  terminal  part.  Females  of  novtbora- 
rcnsifi,  however,  sometimes  resemble  males  of  cicognani  rather  elosely. 
They  may  be  distinguished  not  only  by  the  greater  length  of  the  tail 
but  also,  if  in  summer  pelage,  by  the  absence  of  yellow  from  the  under 
sideof  tl»e  tail  and  inner  sides  of  the  hind  feet,  which  parts  in  cicognani 
usually  show  more  or  less  yellow. 

MeaHurementH. — Average  of  10  males:  Total  length,  407;  tail  ver- 
tebra', 140;  hiiul  foot,  47.  Average  of  10  females:  Total  length,  3:i4; 
tail  vertebra',  108;  hind  foot,  MS). 

I'lJTOlilUS  WASlIINfJTONI  sp.  iiov.     Washiugton  Woasel. 

(in.iv,  life's.  :{,;su,  1,1a.) 

Tyiw  Iroui  Trout  Lake,  buHO  of  Mount  Adams,  State  of  Washington.  Xo.  7<>;,22,  ^ 
ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agriculture  collection.  Collected  Deceuiber  15,  1895,  by 
D.  N.  Kaegi. 

General  characters. — Similar  to  P.  novehoraccnsia  in  size  and  general 
a])pearance,  but  with  longer  tail  and  shorter  bla(!k  tip.  Female  very 
nuich  smaller  than  male,  as  in  novehoracensis. 

Color. — Color  in  summer  i)elago  unknown  (probably  dark  chocolate 
brown).  There  are  two  winter  pelages,  i)robably  dependent  on  alti- 
tude. In  (Irah  winter  pelage:  Upper  parts  uniform  drab  brown;  end 
of  tail  black;  under  i)art8  Avhite,  more  or  less  suflused  with  pale  yel- 
lowish. The  color  of  the  upper  parts  encroaches  on  the  sides  of  the 
belly  as  in  norehoracensis,  and  a  brown  spot  is  present  behind  the  cor- 
ners of  the  mouth,  which  may  or  Tiay  not  be  confluent  with  the  brown 
of  the  cheeks.  In  the  type  and  two  other  specimens  the  hind  legs  and 
feet  are  the  same  color  as  the  upper  parts  except  that  the  toes  are 
tipped  with  whitish  and  the  tips  of  the  fore  feet  are  white.  In  another 
specimen,  collected  January  22,  the  white  is  more  extensive,  covering 
all  of  the  fore  feet  and  about  half  of  the  hind  feet.  In  summer  pelage 
the  legs  and  feet  are  doubtless  the  same  color  as  the  upper  parts,  the 
white  of  the  belly  stopping  high  up  on  the  thighs.  In  white  winter 
pelage:  White  all  over  except  black  tip  of  tail;  tail, rump,  and  belly 
strongly  suffused  with  yellow.  In  one  specimen  (No.  76604,  male, 
February  7,  1890)  the  yellow  reaches  forward  over  the  back  nearly  to 
the  shoulders;  in  another  (No.  70588,  male,  February  4, 1896)  the  whole 
back  is  white. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skulls  of  the  two  sexes  differ  greatly:  that 
of'the  male  resembles  novehoracensis  closely  in  size  and  general  char- 
acters, but  differs  in  having  the  audital  bulhe  much  shorter  and  the 
postorbital  processes  less  strongly  developed.  The  postorbital  constric- 
tion is  equally  marked.  The  skull  of  the  female  is  very  much  smaller 
than  that  of  the  male,  averaging  about  38  mm.  in  length,  while  the 
male  averages  45  mm.  Contrasted  with  the  female  of  novehoracensis 
the  brain  case  is  broader»posteriorly  and  less  cylindric.  The  audital 
bulhe  are  more  sharply  separated  from  the  squamosal  inflation  and  the 
latter  is  only  slightly  marked,,uot  reaching  the  plane  of  the  bullae.  The 


.liTNB.189fi.|    SYNOPSIS    OP   THE   WEASKLS   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


10 


that 
cbar- 

the 
stric- 
aller 

the 


resenibhiiue  therefore  to  /'.  ricoffnani  is  much  less  ii>arke<l  in  the  foiimle 
iranhiiifftoui  tliaii  in  the  feiiiide  norchoracensix. 

Kemnrkti. — This  new  speeies  is  represented  in  the  collection  by  14 
skulls  and  0  skins,  of  which  the  peater  nnnd)er  are  males.  The  female 
is  darker  than  the  males,  und  the  top  of  the  head  is  darker  anteriorly 
than  the  rest  of  the  upper  parts,  while  in  the  males  it  is  (joncolor  with 
the  back.  Tliese  diflferences  are  probably  seasonal,  the  female  not 
hiiving  completed  tlie  change  frcnn  summer  to  winter  pelage,  though 
collected  Decend»er  II.    All  are  from  the  Mount  Adams  region. 

MeasuremenU. — The  skins,  which  are  well  made,  afford  the  following 
approximate  measurements:  Male,  total  length,  240;  tail  vertebra',  155; 
hind  foot,  44.  Female,  total  length,  3<)0;  tail  vertebra',  12U;  hind  foot,  37. 

PUTOKIUS   PENINSULyE    Hhoads.    Floridii  Weasel. 
(PI  .  IV,  (igs.  5,  r.a;  PI.  V,  fifj.  5.) 

I'll lorliis  pen inauhv  Rhoails:  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philu.,  .June  1894,  152-155. 
BiiiigH:  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash.,  X,  pp.  10-13,  Feb.  25,  1896. 

Type  hvalitif. — 'lludsons,'  14  miles  north  of  Tarpon  Springs,  Fla. 

Geogropkic  lUstribution. — Peninsula  of  Florida;  limits  of  range 
unknown. 

General  characters. — Si/e  rather  large,  about  equaling  male  of  I'tcto- 
riim  novehoraceiish  ;  skull  similar  to  that  of  longicavda,  but  with  very 
large  audital  bulla'. 

Color. — Upper  parts  dull  chocolate  brown,  darkest  on  head;  upper 
li])  and  chin  whitish ;  rest  of  under  parts,  including  fore  feet  and  toes 
of  hind  feet,  yellowish ;  a  brown  s{)ot  behind  corners  of  mouth ;  a  small 
tuft  of  white  hairs  under  anterior  root  of  ear.  The  color  of  the  under 
parts  covers  the  belly  broadly  and  is  not  encroached  ui)on  by  the  color 
of  tlie  upper  parts.  Irregular  and  inconstant  white  markings  are  some- 
times present  between  and  behind  the  eyes. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  rather  massive,  resembling  that  of  longi- 
ca  n(la,hiit  with  higher  sagittal  crest ;  less  spreading  zygomata ;  narrower, 
higher,  and  more  swollen  audital  bulla',,  and  less  prominent  postorbital 
l)rocesses.  Contrasted  with  /'.  norehorarensis  the  postorbital  constric- 
tion is  deeper,  the  brain  case  higher  and  more  subtriangular,  the  audital 
bullie  higher  and  more  swollen,  the  upper  carnassial  tooth  decidedly 
larger,  ami  the  molar  snmller.  The  upi)er  molar  is  peculiar :  It  is  short, 
hardly  expanded  at  either  end,  <ind  inqdauted  at  right  angles  to  the 
premolar  series. 

MeasnremcntH. — An  adult  female  from  Tarpon  Springs,  Fla. :  Total 
length,  374;  tail  vertebne,  127;  hind  foot,  44.5. 

PUTORIUS  LONGICAUDA  Bonaparte.     Lonjr-tailed  Weasel. 
(PI.  Ill,  «j,'8.  3,  3a,  4,  4a;  PI.  V,  figs.  1,  lii.) 

1829.  Mustela  (Futoriua)  erminea  Richardson:  Fauna  Boreali-Aniericana,  pp.  46-47,^ 

1829  (in  part:  Specimen  from  Carlton  House). 
J838.  Musiela  longicauda  Boniiparto:    Charlesworth's  Magazine  Nat.   Hist.  N.  S., 

II,  p.  37-38,  1838  (based  on  Richardson's  long-tailed  variety  of  erminea  from 

Carltou  House), 


20 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


(No.  11. 


Fui.  7. 


-I'tUurini  lungieauiia. 
a.  Duk. 


Furt  SisHeton, 


1830.  I'utorius  lonyicautla  Rich. :  Zool.  Beerhey's  V(iyaK«  «f  Hlossoin,  p.  10,"  18"*). 

18.">7.  Bainl:  Munuiials  N.  Am.,  pp.  169-171,  18r>7. 

1877.  Cones:  Fur-Hoiirinj,' AniiimlM,  pp.  13&-142,  1877. 

1896.  Banns:  Proo.  Biol.  Soc  Wash.,  X,  pp.  7-8,  Fob.  -'5,  189«5. 

Type    locality. — Carlton    House,    on    Noitli    BiiHkutcliewun    River, 
Canada. 

Geographic  dlHtrilmtion. — Groat  IMains  from  KansaH  northward. 
General  characters. — Size  large  (adult  males  averaging  about  A")()  mm. 

in  total  length);  tail  very  long  (ver- 
tebra- 155  mm.  or  niore  in  males), 
its  black  tip  rather  short:  utnler 
parts  always  strongly  yeUowish  or 
ochraceous. 

Color. — Ui>per  parts  juile  yel- 
lowish brown,  or  ])ale  raw  innber 
brown,  becoming  darker  on  head; 
terminal  ])art  of  tail  black;  chiu 
and  upper  lip  all  the  way  round 
white;  rest  of  under  parts  varying 
from  strong  bnffy  yellow  to  ochraceous  orange,  the  coh»r  extending  from 
throat  posteriorly,  including  upper  side  of  fore  feet,  inner  side  of  hind 
feet,  and  upper  side  of  hind  toes;  under  8i<le  of  tail  more  (u*  less  suffused 
with  yellowish;  soles  of  hind  feet  brownish.  In  worn  summer  pelage 
the  color  of  ujiper  parts  is  decidedly  paler,  and  in  sonu?  old  specimens 
the  upper  and  lower  surfaces  are  not  sharply  differentiated.  The 
orange  tinge  of  the  under 
parts  is  strongest  on  the 
throat. 

Cran ial  charactern. — 
Skull  large,  broad,  and 
massive,  with  well-devel- 
oped post  orbital  proc- 
esses, strongly  marked 
postorbital  constriction, 
and  a  moderate  sagittal 
crest;  zygomata  bowed 
strongly  outward;  brain 
case  subtriangular  as  seen 
from  above;  audital  bulla} 
rather  broad  and  subrect- 
angular;  palate  broad; 
dentition  heavy;  audital  bulhe  anteriorly  rising  abrujjtly  from  squa- 
mosal, which  is  not  inflated  in  either  sex;  skull  of  fennile  similar  to 
male,  but  smaller,  and  with  only  a  slight  sagittal  ridge.  Contrasted 
with  male  skulls  of  noveboraccnsis  and  irashingfoni,  the  male  of  longi- 
cauda  is  broader  and  relatively  shorter,  with  more  spreading  zygomatic 
9<rcbes,  longer  postorbital  processes,  deeper  postorbital  constriction, 


Fios.  8  ami  9.—/'.  loriffieauda  d  ad.    Fort  Sissetoii,  S.  Dak. 


JiTfEiBflfl)    SYNOrslS   OV  THK   WEAfiELS   OF   NORTH   AMEBICA. 


21 


)iih1  iniK-li  brontlcr  and  more  UM'ttm^iilar  undital  biillir,  wliicli  as  a  rule 
an*  lnoiully  trmicato  instead  of  narrowly  rounded  anteriorly. 

MvuHunmeHtH. — Average  of  4  males  from  plains  of  Saskatchewan  and 
AiluMta:  Total lenjjtli, 4r»0;  tail  vertelme,  105;  hind  foot,  r»l.  Averaj^e 
of.'l  females:  Total  lenj^th,  .'W7;  tail  vertebra',  144:  hind  foot,  44. 

ITTOWIIIrt  L<>X(JIC'AII>A  SPADIX   Maiiffs. 
I'uloriuii  l(ni<it((i»i(la  Hpadir  Hiid^'h:  I'roi'.  Iliol.  Soc.  WohIi.,  X,  pp.  8-{>,  F«l».  '2't,  IH!K». 

Tifpe  localiti/. — l''ort  Snellin};,  near  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

(}vo(jraphH'  tlintrihution. — Edge  of  timber  belt  in  Minnesota,  along 
boundary  between  Transitioii  snid  IJoreal  zones. 

(iCHcral  choractcrn. — Similar  to  7*.  lonflieauda,  but  much  darker. 

(Jolor. — Summer  pelaffc :  Upper  i)arts  (;hoco1ate  brown,  darkest  on  the 
hesul,  but  paler  than  in  nove- 
horacniftis ;  chin  and  upper  lip 
whitish  all  round;  rest  of  under 
parts,  including  upper  snrfa(!es 
of  fore  feet  and  toes  of  hind 
feet,  buity  yellow ;  terminal  part 
of  tail  black.  Winter  pehufe: 
Snow-white  eveiywhere  excejjt 
black  tip  of  tail  and  a  yellow- 
ish sulfusion  on  rest  of  tail,  and 
sometimes  also  on  under  side  of 
hintl  feet. 

(Jroiiiul  chanu-ivrs. — As  in  P. 
loiilfmiuda. 

MeanurementaJ — Average  of  0 
males  from  Fort  Snelling,  Minn. :  Total  length,  460;  tail  vertebra;,  ICC.'i; 
hind  foot,  54.ri.  Average  of  3  females:  Total  length,  3oG;  tail  verte 
bra*,  132;  hind  foot,  43.5. 

PUTOKIUS  SATURATUS  sp.  iiov.     CiiHcade  Momitaiii  Woasel. 

Ti/pe  from  Siskiyou,  near  Hontbern  boundary  of  Oregcm  (altitude,  about  4,000  feet). 
No. 65930,  c(  ad,,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.,  Diparlnieiit  of  Aj^ricnlturo  colU'ction.  Coll<'(!ted 
.Tune  (5, 1894,  by  Clark  1'.  Streator.     Orijr.  No.  3905. 

General  characters. — Similar  to  /'.  arizouensis,  but  larger  and  darker, 
with  belly  more  ochraceous,  and  with  distinct  spots  behind  the  (corners 
of  the  mouth. 

Color. — Color  of  upper  parts  in  summer  pelage  (June)  dark  raw 
umber  brown,  becoming  much  darker  on  the  top  of  the  head  and  nose; 
terminal  ])art  of  tail  black ;  a  brown  spot  at  corner  of  mouth  which 
may  be  confluent  with  brown  of  cheeks ;  color  of  ui)per  parts  extending 
over  outer  side  of  forearm  to  wrist,  and  over  hind  foot  to  toes;  chin 


Futf.  lu  ami  11.—  I'utoriun  I.  tptulix  9  ad.    Klk  iiiver, 
AliiiKeHotii. 


■TheHH  uieasureiuenls  were  takeu  iu  the  flesh  by  Dr.  £.  A.  Mearus,  to  whom  I  am 
indebted  for  them. 


22 


NORTH    AMKUICAN    FAITNA. 


rNo.u. 


whito;  rost  of  \uu\or  pints  «H'liriir«'ous  ov  nruuno  yt'Ilow,  iiichulin^  tlio 
fore  I'lM^t,  uiid  rcnrliiii^  iiiirrowly  down  tlio  uihU'i*  side  of  hind  U>^'  to 
ankle,  whence  it  may  or  may  not  extend  in  a  narrow  line  alonj;  inner 
HJdo  of  toot  to  toeH;  under  side  of  tail  more  or  less  suffused  with  pddeu 
chestnut;  anal  rejjion  clieatnut  brown;  in  worn  ])elaji[e  the  t'olors  are 
eveiywluue  nuudi  paler. 

('raiiial  vharavlrrH. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  /'.  nrizotu'HHiM  hut  with 
l)ostorhital  imwesses  broader  at  base  ami  less  pey:  like. 

RcmarkH. — This  handsonui  weasel  replacu-s  lotojlcuvila  on  the  Cascade 
and  Hiskiyou  mountains  of  Orej;;(>ii  and  Washington,  reachin;;  a  short 
distam;e  into  British  C(dumbia.  The  only  s])ecimens  examined  have 
come  from  Siskiyiui,  Orejfon,  and  Chilliwack,  British  ('ohnnbia  (the 
latter,  No.  355.'$,  collection  of  E.  A.  and  O.  ]iang8). 

MeanuremeutH. — Averajfi?  of  2  males  from  Siskiyou  Mountains,  Ore- 
jjfou:  T«)tal  leufith,  423;  tail  vertebra^,- 101;  hind  foot,  18. 

rilToRirS  AKIZONKNSIS  Mourns.     Moiiiitnin  WeiiHel. 

I'titoiiuH  arizonrnma  Meurim:  Bull.  American  MiiHoum  Nat.  Kist.,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  2,  pp. 

:.':it-2H5,  May,  1891. 
I'utoriiiH  louijicamla  Morriain :  MamiiiulH  of  Idaho,  N.  Am.  Fanna,  No.  5,  pp.  8H-S4,  Ang. 

ISftl  (from  niountainH  of  Idaho). 

T}ipe  lomliiy. — San  Prancis»!o  forest,  Arizona  (a  few  nules  south  of 
Flagstatl). 

Oeofjraphic  dinirihutioit. — Uroadly,  the  Sierra   Nevada   aud    Rocky 

Mountain  systems,  reaching'  British 
C'olumbia  in  the  Kocky  Mountain  re- 
gion, but  not  known  north  of  the  Sis- 
kiyou Mountains  in  the  Sierra-Cascade 
system. 

General  characters. — Similar  to  Puto- 
riuH  longicauda  in  color  and  markings, 
but  much  smaller  in  size. 

Color. — Upper  i)art8  from  occiput  to 
black  tip  of  tail,  raw  umber  brown;  head  decidedly  darker;  end  of  tail 
black;  chin  and  upper  lip  all  round  white;  rest  of  under  parts  includ- 
ing upper  surfaces  of  fore  feet  and  inner  half  of  hind  feet  and  upper 
surfaces  of  hind  toes  ochraceous  or  ochraceous  yellow,  varying  in  tint. 
Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  lornjicanda  but  decidedly 
smaller  and  less  triangular;  narrower  across  mastoids  and  more  bulg- 
ing ill  parietals. 

Remarks. — Putorlns  arizonensis  is  a  mountain  form  of  longicauda, 
which  it  closely  resembles  except  in  size.  The  type  specimen,  colle(!ted 
by  Dr.  Mearns  on  the  pine  i)latcau  of  Arizona  a  few  miles  south  of 
Flagstaff,  is  an  immature  female  and  is  of  unusually  small  size.  A 
male  obtained  by  him  near  the  same  place  is  of  the  normal  size,  as  is 
another  male  iu  the  Department  collection  from  Springerville,  Ariz., 


Fio.  13,— P.  arizimensiii  d  a«l. 
County,  Colo. 


lioiildci 


JusMSWl]    BYNOl'SIS   OF   THE    WKASKLS   OP   NOIITII    AMEUICA. 


23 


rolh'(!tp«I  by  E.  VV.  Nelson.  Hpt'ciiiicMis  from  tlio  iiortlH'in  IJocky 
Mouiitiiiti  r(>};i(Mi  (St.  Mary  liiikr,  IMoiitaiiti,  iiiiil  811I111011  Kivci-  and 
ralisinuirni  Monnhiins,  Idaho)  ditlcr  in  coloi-  iVoin  tlio  t,v]ii<'a1  .iiiinial 
from  Arizona  and  ( 'olorado,  and  a^r(>o  with  aH(!nl  from  the  llhui<  Hills 
in  haviiif;  the  nppor  parts  slronjjly  sntfuscil  with  p)ld<'n  In-own,  thr 
yellow  of  the  nnder  parts  y(>llow  rather  than  ochiaeeons,  and  the  nnder 
side  of  the  tail  stronj^ly  yellow  on  tlie  b.isal  half  or  two  thinls.  The 
skulls,  however,  lack  the  flattened  audital  bnlhe  (»f  olleiii.  Hp«'einu'n8 
from  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  California  are  hardly  distin<>'uishable  fnnn 
the  Koeky  IVlonntiiin  animal.  The  only  apparent  external  <lillerenees 
are  that  the  yellow  of  the  nnder  i>arts  reaches  np  farther  nnder  the 
ehin,  the  white  of  the  upper  lip  is  less  extensive,  and  the  under  sid  s  of 
the  tail  is  more  suft'used  with  yellowish.  But  none  of  those  ehara<!ters  is 
eonstant.  In  one  si)eeimen  from  Donner,  Calif.  (No.  !*<».")(),  fenude,  Afer- 
riam  C(dl.),  even  the  white  upper  lip  is  as  marked  as  in  Koeky  Mountain 
specimens;  it  reaches  all  the 
way  round,  tills  the  space  under 
the  nasal  pad  to  the  nostrils, 
and  broadens  str()njnlv  under 
the  eyes.  In  cranial  (rharac- 
ters  also  the  difterenees  are 
slight  .and  inconstant.  The 
l)Ostorbital  i»rocesse8are  longer 
and  more  fc,  ender,  often  becom- 
ing peg  like  in  old  males.  The 
audital  bulla*  average:  smaller 
and  more  convex  anteriorly, 
and  in  the  female  are  decidedly 
inirrower  and  more  subcylin- 
dric.  But  in  an  adult  female 
from  Fort  Klamath,  Oreg.,  the  bulhe  are  nearly  as  broad  as  in  llocky 
Mountain  females.  The  three  female  skulls  I  have  seen  of  the  Sierra 
form  are  decidedly  smaller  than  females  from  the  Kocky  Mcmntains. 

The  Sierra  specimens  show  a  strong  tendency  to  grade  into,  or  at 
leasttoward ivanthogcnys.  In  nearly  half  the  specrimens  examined  white 
liairs  are  present  between  the  eyes,  and  in  several  they  are  sulliciently 
numerous  to  form  a  conspicuous  white  spot,  though  the  sjKit  is  not 
large  and  rectangular  as  in  true  .runthoyenjjfi.  The  white  cheek  spots  I 
have  not  seen  in  Sierra  specimens,  but  the  brown  spots  behind  the  cor- 
ners of  the  mouth  are  sometimes  present  (as  in  No.  3()G.5o,  male,  from 
Upper  Cottonwood  Meadows,  uear  Mount  Whitney,  ('alif.). 

A  specimen  from  St.  George,  Utah,  an  old  female,  differs  in  some 
respects  from  typical  arizonensis.  The  skull  is  small  and  relatively 
short,  and  the  shortening  is  mainly  in  the  palate  and  rostral  part,  which 
measures  2  mm.  less  than  the  average  of  adult  females  of  arizonensia  of 


Fuis.  13  and  14.— P.  anzonenth  if  ml. 
Colo. 


IJoiiWiT  County, 


24 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


[No.lL 


tlio  same  size.  Moreover,  the  ]»ostorl)ltal  pro<!es8es  iwe  longer  and  more 
slender  tluin  in  any  female  of  arizoiienxifi  I  have  examine<l  from  either 
the  Rocky  ISIonntain  or  Sierra  systems.  Externally  the  St.  George 
speeinu'u  differs  from  ty pie jil  arizontnisis  iu  the  following  particulars: 
Yellow  of  underparts  more  strongly  tinged  with  ochraceous;  white  of 
npi)er  lip  narrow  and  not  reaching  aronnd  anteriorly;  brown  of  upper 
l)arts  reaching  down  on  outer  side  of  arm  to  wrist;  a  small  brown  spot 
benringtwobristles  just  lu^hind  each  corner  of  mouth.  In  thisre&pect, 
}ind  this  only,  it  resembh;s  .tuntlioffenys;  there  is  no  trace  of  white  on 
the  cheeks  or  between  tiie  eyes. 

MmHuremantH. — Average  of  5  nniles  from  the  llocky  Mountains: 
Total  length,  .'J.S5;  tail  vertebra',  144;  hind  foot,  44.r).  Average  of  4 
females:  Total  length,  ."558;  tail  vertebra',  l.'M);  hind  foot,  40. 


PUTOUIUS  ALLKNI  Hp.  iiov.     lUack  Hills  Weasel. 

Tijpc.  ironi  Cnster,  Ulack  Hills,  Sontli  Dakota..     No.  I^^fl,  $  ad.,  Merriaiii  collection. 
Collected  .Inly  12,  1888,  by  Vernon  Bailey.     <)ri|atinal  No.  90. 

(fcof/rajyliir  dlstrihutiou. — Black  Hills,  South  Dakota. 

Characivm. — Similar  to  /'.  (irizoneims  in  size  and  general  characters, 
but  upi)er  parts  more  suffused  with  yellowish  and  audital  bulhe  flatter. 

Colot'. — Upper  parts  from  occii)ut  to  bla(;k  tip  of  tail  golden  or  yel- 
lowish-brown, in  some  lights  with  an  olivaceous  tinge;  head  dark 
brown,  without  yellowish  tinge;  upper  lip  and  chin  white;  rest  of 
undi'rparts,  including  inner  sides  <>f  legs,  whole  of  fore  feet,  toes  of 
hind  feet  and  under  side  of  basal  part  of  tail,  intense  buffy  yellow. 

('ranial  choracters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  arizonensin,  but  audital 
bulla' much  flatter  and  somewhat  smaller;  brain  case  slightly  flatter 
and  bulging  laterally  immediately  behind  constriction;  frontal  some- 
what broader  interorbitally;  skiill  as  a  whole  shorter.  The  skull  of  an 
old  female  (No.  7441,  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.)  is  nunh  smaller  than  the 
male,  and  the  audital  bulla'  are  narrow  and  not  flattened.  In  both 
sexes  the  postorbital  processes  are  strongly  develoi)ed. 

Rrmarls. — Pntorius  alleni  is  an  isolated  and  only  slightly  differen- 
tiated form  of  P.  anzonensis,  from  which  it  is  completely  cut  off  geo- 
grai)hically.  It  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  the  large  weasel  of  the 
idains,  /*.  hmgiatfiula.  In  worn  summer  i)elage  the  (!olor  differences 
that  distinguish  it  from  arizoncnsis  are  not  apparent. 

I  take  ])leasure  in  naming  the  species  in  honor  of  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen, 
of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York,  who  has 
recently  published  an  important  paper  on  the  mammals  of  the  Blaciv 
Hills,  and  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  loan  of  three  additional 
specimens. 

MeasKremcnta  (of  type  specimen,  nuile  adult). — Total  length,  372;  tail 
vertebra*,  137;  hind  foot,  44. 


JtmE,1896.]    SYNOPSIS  OP   THE   WEASELS   OP  NORTH   AMERICA. 
PUTORIUS  XANTH0GENY8  (Gray).     California  Weasel. 


25 


1843.  Mustela  jranihogcnija  iiray:  Annals  aud  Maga/.iue  Nat.  Mist.,  XI,  pp.  118, 1843. 
1857.  PutofiuB  xanthogmya  Bainl:  Mauinials  N.  Am.,  pp.  17(>-177, 18.")7. 
1877.  Putor'iua  {Gale)  brasilietiaiH  frenatub  Conen:  Fur- Bearing  Aniinals,  pp.  142-146, 
1877  (in  part). 

Type  locality. — Soiithrni  Califoniij.,  probably  vicinitj'  of  San  l^iego. 

Geographic  distriimtion. — Sonoran  siiul  Transition  faunas  of  Califor- 
nia, on  both  sides  of  the  Sierra  Nevr  la. 

General  characters. — Size  medinni;  tail  long;  face  conspicuously 
marked  with  whitish,  but  rest  of  head  not,  black;  under  parts 
ochraceous. 

Color. — Upper  parts  from  back  of  head  to  terminal  part  of  tail  in 
Hummer  pelage  raw-umber  brown,  tinged  with  golden;  in  winter  pelage, 
drab  brown,  without  yellowish  suftusion;  head  always  darker,  becom- 
ing dusky  over  nose;  a  large  rect.mgular  spot  between  eyes,  and  a 
broad  oblique  band  between  eye  and  e«r,  whitish;  end  of  tail  black; 
a  brown  spot  behind  corners  of  mouth ;  chin  white ;  rest  of  under  parts, 
including  fore  feet  all  round  and  inner  side  and  toes  of  hind  feet ,  vary- 
ing from  buft'y  ochraceous  to  oiihraceoiis  orange.  In  some  specimens 
the  ochraceous  covers  the  greater  i)art  of  the  hind  feet  as  well  as  the 
toes. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  of  the  longicauila  tyi)e  and  practically 
indistinguishable  in  size  and  characters  from  /'.  arizonensis;  skull  as  a 
whole  short  and  broad ;  zygomata  bowed  outward ;  postorbital  processes 
strongly  developed;  sagittal  ridge  distinct;  audital  bulla*  moderate, 
usually  truacate  anteriorly;  skull  of  female  similar  to  that  of  male, 
but  smaller. 

Remarks. — Putoritts  xanthogenys  inhabits  the  San  Joaquin  and  Owens 
valleys  and  the  w  hole  of  southern  California  except  the  higher  moun- 
tains. In  ascending  the  mountains  it  gradually  loses  the  facial  mark- 
ings and  seems  to  grade  into  P.  arizonensis,  the  weasel  of  the  mountain 
summits. 

Measurements. — Average  of  7  males  from  southern  California:  Total 
length,  402;  tail  ^'ertebra',  156;  hind  foot,  43.5.  Average  of  3  females: 
Total  length,  3(J8;  tail  vertebrse,  135;  hmd  foot,  40.5. 

PUTORIUS  XANTHOGENYS  OREGONENSIS  snbsp.  nov.     OreKon  Weasel, 

Type  from  Grants  Puss,  Uogne  River  Valley,  Oregon.  No.  UWi>  9  a^^v  U-  *^-  Nat.  Mus., 
Dept.  Agric.  Coll.  Collected  December  19,  1891,  by  Clurk  P.  Streator.  Original 
nuiubei- 1404. 

Geographic  distribution. — Rogue  Kiver  Valley,  Oregon;  limits  of 
range  unknown. 

General  characters. — Similar  to  P.  xanthogenys  but  decidedly  larger, 
darker  in  color,  and  with  face  markings  much  restricted. 

Color. — Upi»er  parts  in  winter  ])elage  i)ale  chocolate  brown,  slightly 
darker  on  head;  a  small  and  ill-detined  ))atch  between  eyes,  and  a  nar- 


26 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


tNo.ll. 


row  vertical  bar  between  eye  and  ear,  white;  throat  while;  rest  of 
under  parts,  including  fore  feet  and  inner  sides  and  distal  half  of  hind 
feet,  pale  yellowish;  terminal  one-fifth  of  tail  black;  rest  of  tail  above 
and  below  concolor  with  back  and  without  the  yellowish  tinge  which 
is  characteristic  of  .ranthoflenys. 

Cranial  characterti. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  .ranihogeni/s  but  larger 
and  decidedly  broader.  The  sknll  of  the  type,  an  adult  female,  com- 
pared with  skulls  of  .vauthogenys  of  the  same  sex  and  age  from  south- 
ern California,  difl'ers  in  the  foHowing  jmrticulars :  Skull  everywhere 
broader;  muzzle,  palate,  interorbital  breadth  and  (sonstriction  very 
much  broader ;  zygomata  more  spreading. 

MeasiirementN. — Type  specimen,  female  adult:  Total  length,  412;  tail 
vertebra;,  155;  hind  foot,  44. 

PUTORirS  FRENATIJS  (IJcliteiiHteiii).     Kridled  Wf,as«l. 
(PI.  Ill,  tigs.  1,1.-.,  11),  2.) 

1813.  Miisiela  hrasilivisix  Sovastianod":  Mem.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.  Petersburg,  IV, 
.^56-3(53,  Table  I \',  1813.  (Name  on  ])late  only;  diagjiosis  in  text.)  Preoc- 
cupied by  Afaslvla  hraailieiiHia  [an  otter]  Guieliu,  1788. 

1832.  Mnstela  fnnata  liichtenstpin:  DarstoUnng  neucr  oder  venig  bekannter  Sau- 
gethit're,  PI.  XLII  and  correspondinj;  text  (unpaged),  1832. 

18.'>7.  I'litonitsfrenatiis  Hainl:  iManunals  N.  Am.,  173-176,  1857. 

Type  locaiity. — Valley  of  Mexico,  near  Oity  of  Mexico. 

General  characiers. — Size  large;  tail  long;  its  black  tip  relatively 
short;  head  black,  Avith  conspicuous  Avhite  markings. 

Color, — Top  of  head  blackish,  interrupted  between  eye  and  ear  by  a 
broad,  whitish  b.and,  whicih  is  nearly  contiuent  with  a  patch  of  same 
color  between  the  eyes;  rest  of  ui)per  parts  brown;  a  dark  spot  behind 
corners  of  mouth;  chin  and  throat  whitish;  rest  of  under  parts  ochra- 
ceous  yellow;  forefeet  to  or  above  Avrists  whitish  or  pale  butty  yellow- 
ish, continuous  with  and  shading  into  ochra  icons  of  under  parts;  color 
of  under  parts  extending  down  on  inner  side  of  hind  legs  aud  feet  to 
toes,  which  are  whitish  or  yellowish  white. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  large  and  massive,  with  strongly  devel- 
oped i)ostorbital  processes,  deep  postorbitai  onstriction,  marked  sagit- 
tal crest,  and  pe(!uliar  audital  bulhv,  which  are  obliquely  truncated 
anteriorily  (the  inner  side  reaching  fartiiest  forward)  and  abruptly 
highest  on  inner  side,  falling  away  suddenly  on  outer  side  so  as  to 
form  a  rounded  ridge  along  the  inner  s'de  of  the  longitudinal  axis  of 
the  bulla.  The  skull  of  frenatus  resembles  that  of  longicauda,  but  is 
considerably  larger,  and  difl'ers  in  the  form  of  the  audital  bulhe  just 
described,  and  also  in  the  extent  of  the  postglenoid  space,  which  is 
much  larger  than  in  longicaufla.  The  dentition  is  heavy  aud  the 
vipper  carnassial  tooth  relatively  shorter  than  in  longicauda.  The 
ramus  of  the  under  jaw  is  much  more  convex  iuferiorly. 

liemarlctt. — Lichtenstein,  in  his  original  de8crii)tion  of  Mustela  frcnata^ 
Btates  that  the  tail  ia  about  oue-third  longer  than  that  of  the  European 


JnNKimc.l    SYNOPSIS   OF   THK   WEASELS   OP   NORTH   AMERICA. 


27 


weasel  {crminea) ;  Jiat  only  its  oxtreihe  tip  is  black ,  that  the  head,  ears, 
aD<l(!rowii  are  black,  this  cohniiift-  fading"  into  the  red«lisli  brown  of  the 
upper  parts  on  the  back  of  the  head  behind  the  ears;  that  the  facial 
'  markings,  throat,  and  breast  are  white;  the  lemaindcr  of  the  nnder 
]).irts  ocher  yellow.  The  white  spot  between  the  eyes  is  desj-rilied  as 
heartshaped,  and  in  the  colored  plate  it  is  shown  to  be  nearly,  bnt  not 
quite,  conHuent  with  the  white  patch  between  the  eye  and  ear.  The 
colors  in  the  plate  are  not  j^ood,  as  the  whole  under  parts  are  white 
H  instead  «)f  o<'her  yellow,  and  the  black  tip  of  the  tail  is  not  shown.    The 

si)ecinien  seems  to  have  been  in  worn  pelage.  Lichtenstcin  hiid  two 
ti]>ecimens,  both  collected  by  Deppe  near  the  (Jity  of  Mexi(!o. 

Fortunately,  the  l)ei)artment  collection  contains  two  specimens  (!ol- 
lected  by  E.  W.  Nelson  at  Tlalpauj,  in  the  A^allcy  of  JNIexico,  Avhich  may 
be  considered  topotyj»es  oi  frcnntus,  for  they  not  only  came  from  the 
same  locality  as  Lichtenstein's  types,  but  also  agree  essentially  in  every 
detail  with  his  excellent  description.  The  only  points  in  which  the 
description  fails  to  .igree  absolntely  with  tlie  specimens  i.i  tliat  in  the 
latter  the  white  of  the  throat  is  less  pure  and  the  black  tip  of  the  tail 
l)erhaps  a  tritie  more  extensive  than  one  would  infer  fiom  tiu!  descrip- 
tion; but  tlie  throat  is  white  in  contrast  with  the  strongly  ochraceous 
yellow  of  the  rest  of  the  under  parts,  and  a  specimen  in  the  ITnited 
States  National  Museum  from  tlie  City  of  Mexico  (No.  liH'A),  9  ad., 
J.  Potts)  has  both  throat  and  breast  white,  as  in  the  original  description. 

Tlie  statement  that  only  the  extreme  tij)  of  the  tail  is  black  was  made 
in  comparison  with  the  l*]uroi)ean  weasel  (erminca),  in  which  nearly  half 
of  the  tail  is  black.  Hence  the  description  agrees  entirely  with  the 
S])ecimens  in  hand.  One  point  not  mentioned  in  the  descrii)tion  is 
sh«)wn  in  the  plate,  namely,  that  the  hind  feet  and  toes  are  in  large 
l>art  wliitish  or  yellowish  white.  The  quantity  of  white  is  variable. 
In  a  young  male  from  TUilpam  (No.  50827)  it  is  restricted  to  the  inner 
side  of  the  foot,  hardly  reaching  the  toes,  while  in  an  adult  male  from 
the  same  locality  (No.  50820)  it  includes  the  toes.  The  whitish  sjmt 
between  the  eyes  is  also  variable,  both  in  form  and  extent.  Lichtensteiu 
described  it  as  heart-shaped,  and  his  figure  shows  that  it  is  narrow 
where  it  approaches  closest  to  the  stripe  between  the  eye  and  ear,  with 
Avhich  it  is  nearly,  but  not  (piite,  confluent.  This  is  i)recisely  its  con- 
dition in  the  adult  male  from  Tlalpam,  which  may  be  considered  a 
duplicate  type  of  the  species.  In  this  specimen  the  median  white  spot 
is  almost  divided  by  the  dark  color  of  the  forehead,  which  pushes  down 
between  the  eyes,  so  that  the  whitish  s[)ot  might  be  described  as  a 
narrow  stripe  over  each  eye,  the  two  becoming  confluent  below.  In 
the  young  specimen  the  white  8i)ot  is  subrectangular  and  not  divided 
by  the  black  of  the  forehead. 

Note  on  Putoriux  brasHimtiis. — In  1813  a  Kussiaii  naturalist,  Sevas- 
tianoff,  gave  the  name  ^Mnstela  hrasiUeimn^  to  a  weasel  brought  to 
St.  Petersburg  by  Capt.  A.  J.  Krusensterii  04i  his  returu  from  a  voyage 


28 


NORTH   AMEniCAN   FAUNA. 


(No.  11. 


around  the  world.  The  animsil  was  said  to  liave  come  from  Hriizil,  but 
no  definite  locality  was  given.  In  the  numerous  publications  thiit  liave 
since  appeared  relating  to  the  mammals  of  IJra/.il  nnd  adjacent  terri- 
tory, no  wensels  are  mentioned  as  inhabiting  that  country,  and  the 
species  described  from  the  mountains  to  tlie  westward  differ  so  Avidely 
from  Sevastianoff's  hrt  siliennis  that  it  is  almost  certain  his  animal  did 
not  come  from  Brazil.  The  original  description  (including  measnre- 
ments)  agrees  in  every  respect  with  P.  frenatns  of  Lichtonstien  from 
the  Valley  of  Mexico,  indicating  that  tlie  two  animals  are  identical. 
On  this  assumpticm  the  well-known  and  appropriate  name  frenafiis 
would  have  to  fall  before  the  earlier  and  inappropriate  '■hrasilienHiH.'' 
Fortunately,  however,  Sevastianoff  ])laced  his  animal  in  the  genus 
Mu8tela,  and  the  name  Mustela  brasiliensis  is  preoccupied  by  Gmclin 
for  a  South  American  otter.  (Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  1.3,  p.  93,  1788.)  Hence, 
unless  some  earlier  name  is  found,  fr<matus  will  stand  for  the  Mexican 
bridled  weasel. 

Meatturements. — An  adult  male  from  Tlali>am,  Valley  of  Mexico  (type 
locality) :  Total  Ic  igth,  505 ;  tail  vertebra',  203 ;  hind  foot,  53.  Average 
of  C  males  from  Brownsville,  Tex.:  Total  length,  488;  tail  vertebra*,  102; 
hind  foot,  51.  Average  of  3  females  from  Brownsville:  Total  length, 
438;  tail  vertelme,  187;  hind  foot,  41.5. 

PITTORIIIS  FKENATUS  (JOLDMANI  snlisp.  nov. 

Type  from  Pinabete,  Chiapas,  Mexico.  No.  77519,  <?  ad.,  V.  S.  Nat.  Mns.,  Dept.  Agrio. 
coll.  Colle<tetl  Feb.  10,  185)6,  by  E.  A.  Goldman.  Altitude  about  8,200  feet  (^2,f50O 
meters).     Original  number  9279. 

Oeographic  dhtrihuUon. — Mountains  of  southeastern  Chiapas;  limits 
of  range  unknown. 

Oeneral  characters. — Similar  to  F.  frenatns  in  size  and  general  char- 
acters, but  tail  and  hind  feet  longer;  light  markings  more  restricted; 
black  of  head  reaching  muck  farther  back  on  neck ;  color  of  upper  i)art8 
darker  and  more  extensive,  encroaching  on  sides  of  belly  and  covering 
fore  and  hind  feet;  black  tip  of  tail  Nuiger. 

Color. — Upper  parts,  including  whole  of  fore  and  hind  feet,  dull,  dark 
chestnut  brown,  washed  with  black  on  the  neck  from  slionlders  iorwaid, 
and  becoming  pure  black  on  the  head;  face  marked  by  a  whitish  ])atch 
between  the  ej'^es,  and  a  narrow,  oblique  band  between  eye  and  ear;  a 
blackish  spot  behind  angle  of  mouth;  color  of  under  i»arts  salmon 
ocbraceous,  reaching  wrists  inferiorly,  but  not  reatdiing  heels;  terminal 
third  of  tail  black. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  rather  large ;  zygomata  motlerately  spread- 
ing; squamosal  inflation  moderate,  but  large  for  a  member  of  tlie./re- 
natvs  series;  audital  bull.i^  small,  steep  on  inner  side,  and  only  slightly 
elevated  anteriorly  above  squamosal  inflation.  The  sknll  as  a  whole 
resembles  that  of  frenatns,  but  differs  conspicuously  in  the  greater 
length  and  inflation  of  the  postglenoid  part  of  the  squamosal,  greater 
breadth  of  the  basioccipital,  and  in  the  size  and  form  of  the  audital 


.)iNE,18'J6.]    SYNOPSIS   OF    THE    WEASELS    OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


20 


bullit*.  Tlie  latter  are  very  narrow,  low  anteriorly  where  they  meet  the 
inflated  8quamo»al  without  au  abrupt  step,  and  high  along  the  inner 
side. 

liemarka. — Mr.  E.  W.  Nelson  writes  nie  that  this  tine  weasel  is  found 
.s|)aringly  in  the  forest  about  Pinabete,  Chiapas,  at  au  altitude  of  7,0(K) 
to  8,000  feet  (2,100  to  L',500  meters).  The  type  s]>eeimen  was  shot  in 
the  afternoon  while  hunting  on  a  heavily  wooded  hill  slope.  It  was 
heard  making  long,  slow  leaps  over  the  dry,  crisp  leaves.  Coming  to  a 
log,  it  stood  u[)  and  rested  its  fore  feet  on  the  log,  in  which  position  it 
was  shot  by  Mr.  (ioldman. 

A  s|>e(inien  fiom  Cerro  San  Felipe,  Oaxaca,  is  intermediate,  both 
in  coloration  and  cranial  characters,  between  typical  freiuttuH  and 
(joUbnani;  hence  tliere  is  little  room  for  doubt  that  complete  inter- 
gradation  exists  between  the  two. 

^Measurements. — Type  specimen,  male  adult:  Total  length,  501;  tail 
vertebra},  201 ;  hind  foot,  58. 


PUTORIUS  FRENATUS  LEUCOPARIA  8u).8i).  nov. 


'■Wm,  i  ad 


a 


ead- 
fre- 
;htly 
hole 
lal  er 
sater 
lital 


U.  S.  Nat,  Mu8.,  Dept. 
Ori<;ina]  number  2f>60. 


Type  from  Patzcnaro,  Mi«lioacan,  Mexico.     No. 

Agric.  coll.     Colle<;te<l  July  27, 1892,  l>y  E.  W,  Nelson. 

(ieneral  charactcrH. — Similar  Ui  Putorius  frenatiis^hnt  slightly  larger; 
black  of  head  extending  posteriorly  over  neck;  white  face  markings 
nnich  more  extensive;  the  spot  between  the  eyes  very  much  larger  and 
broadly  confluent  on  both  sides  with  whitish  area  between  eye  and  ear, 
which  area  also  is  much  more  extensive  in  all  directions  than  in 
freuatus. 

Color. — Upper  parts  from  shoulders  to  bhick  tip  of  tail,  dark  brown; 
neck,  crown  of  head,  nose,  ears,  and  sides  of  face  to  a  little  behind  the 
eye,  black ;  black  of  head  between  eyes  and  ears  divided  by  a  broad 
band  of  buli'y  white  which  is  broadly  confluent  with  butty  yellow  of 
throat  and  chin;  a  narrow  border  of  whitish  on  upper  lip;  rest  of 
under  i>arts  ochraceous  yellow  (including  whole  of  forefeet,  inner  sides 
of  hind  legs  and  feet,  and  terminal  half  or  nearly  half  of  upper  surfaces 
of  hind  feet,  where  the  col  r  '  omes  paler,  being  butty  ochraceous,  as 
on  the  throat). 

Cntniai  characters. — Skull  simi.ar  to  that  of  frcn.ttus^  but  larger; 
audital  bulhe  much  narrower;  postorbital  processes  less  strongly 
developed. 

liemarks. — This  handsome  weasel  i)resents  the  maximum  of  black 
and  whit^e  markings  known  in  the  Jrenatits  grou]),  the  black  of  the  head 
reaching  back  over  the  ne(!k  and  the  white  face  markings  covering  a 
large  area.  In  the  type  specimen  a  white  stripe  50  mm.  in  length 
extends  down  the  middle  of  the  nape  from  a  i^oint  between  the  ears 
more  than  halfway  to  the  shoulders.  This,  however,  is  probably  ab- 
normal, though  a  trace  of  it  exists  in  a  female  from  the  same  locality. 
This  form  is  the  poorest  subspecies  described  in  the  present  paper. 


30 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


[No.  11. 


I    ' 


MeuHurcmentH. — Average  of  li  males  from  Psitzcuaro  (typo  locality): 
Total  length,  r>l();  tail  vertebra',  2OI5  hind  loot,  5.'}.  An  adult  female 
from  same  place:  Total  length,  4(K);  tail  vertebra*,  l/iO;  hind  foot,  A2. 

PUTORIIJS  TROIMCALIS  sp.  iiox .      rioi)ioiil  J{ritlle<l  Weasel. 

(I'l.  Ill,   ti^js.,  ;-),  5rt,  (5,  fia.) 

Type  from  ,Jico,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico  No. ,"  i!t!>4,  <?  sul.,  U.  H.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agrie. 
coll.  Collected  .July  i),  1893,  l.y  K.  W.  Nelson.  Altitude  6,000  leet  ( ^  1,800  ineterB). 
Original  uiiinber  .">19.5. 

(leoffruphic  difitrihniiov. — 'J'he  tropical  coast  belt  of  southern  Mexico 
and  Guatemala  from  Vera  (hu/.  southward. 

(ientral  characters. — Similar  to  Putorius  Jrenatus,  but  much  smaller 
and  darker,  with  the  M'hite  face  markings  less  extensive,  the  belly  pale 
orange  instead  of  ochraceous,  and  under  side  of  tail  very  much  darker. 

Color. — lJpi)er  parts  deep  umber  brown  with  a  fulvous  tone;  head, 
ears,  and  neck,  black,  passing  gradually  into  brown  of  back  just  in 
front  of  the  shoulders;  terminal  one-fourth  (or  a  little  more)  of  tail, 
black;  face  markings  as  in  frenatns,  but  less  extensive  and  whiter; 
under  parts  ochraceous  buft"  on  throat  and  fore  feet,  becoming  rich 
orange  buflf  on  belly  and  inner  side  of  thighs,  whence  (becoming  paler) 
the  color  reaches  out  in  a  narrow  interrupted  stripe  along  the  inner 
side  of  the  hind  feet  to  the  toes,  which  are  irregularly  bufiy. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  of  male  similar  in  general  to  that  of //-e- 
natus,  but  smaller,  relatively  longer,  with  less  spreading  zygomata,  less 
strongly  <leveloped  postorbital  processes,  and  probably  broatler  postor- 
bital  constriction  (the  type  skull  was  infested  with  parasites);  audital 
bulhe  smaller  and  very  nnu!h  narrower;  carnassial  teeth  and  upper 
molar  smaller.  The  skull  of  the  female  is  very  much  smaller  than  that 
of  the  male,  and  has  the  smoothly  rounded  brain  case  of  the  cicoffuaut 
group,  without  trace  of  a  sagittal  ridge.  The  squamosals  are  strongly 
inflated,  resendding  thoseof  cic'or/H<(Mi  and  the  female  ofnoreboraccnsis. 
It  ditt'ers  from  the  female  frcnatiiH  in  much  smaller  size,  very  much 
smaller  audital  bulhe,  more  intlated  squamosals,  smoothly  rounded 
brain  case  without  trace  of  sagittal  crest,  and  broader  interorbital 
constriction,  which  is  immediately  behind  postorbital  processes  instead 
of  one-fifth  the  distance  from  the  processes  to  the  occipital  crest  (tig.  15). 

Remarks. — On  first  examining  the  skins  of  this  weasel  sent  home  by 
Mr.  Nelson,  I  supposed  it  to  be  merely  a  tropical  subspecies  ot'/renatnsf 
but  on  com]>aring  the  skulls  I  am  forced  to  accord  it  full  specific  rank. 
The  diflerence  is  greatest  in  the  fenmles,  and  is  really  very  remarkable, 
as  may  bo  seen  from  the  accompanying  figures  (figs.  l.T  and  IG).  The 
female  of //T'«a/?w  (fig.  U))  resembles  the  male  of  the  same  species  (pi.  Ill, 
tig.  1),  while  the  female  of  tropicalis  (fig.  lii)  resembles  the  cicognani 
group — representing  another  section  of  the  genus.  The  case  is  imrallel 
to  that  of  /*.  nowboraccnsis  already  described.  The  female  of  tropicalis, 
like  that  of  noveboracmsis,  shows  arrested  development  or  absence  of 


JiTNK,189«.]    SYNOPSIS   OF   THE   WEASELS   OP   NORTH   AMERICA. 


31 


gnaiu 

eiisis. 

much 

inded 

bital 

istead 

.  15). 

ne  by 

atus; 

aiik. 

able, 

The 

.  Ill, 

piani 

rallel 

valifi, 

ceof 


Fig.  15— P,//-cno<u»? . 


Fui.  IG.— i'.  tr(ypicalia  9- 


the  specialization  that  cliara(!terizes  the  male,  while  the  females  of 
irasJiinfftoui  and  frcnatus  have  advanced  furtluT  and  are  more  like 
the  male.  In  the  case  of  the  female  skulls  of /rat at m  and  tropicnlis 
here  figured,  it  is  interesting  to  know  that  they  were  taken  within 
a  few  nnles  of  ono  another — frcnatus  on  Cofre  de  I'erote.  at  an 
altitude  of  about  12,500  feet; 
tropical  is  at  Ji»*o  on  the  plain 
below,  at  an  altitude  of  5,000  or 
6,000  feet.' 

The  Department  collection 
contains  four  specimens  of.  this 
weasel,  all  collected  by  Mr.  Nel- 
son in  ^'era  Cruz.  Three  of 
tiiem,  two  iidult  nudes  and  one 
old  female,  are  from  Ji(;o;  the 
fourth,  an  immature  female,  is 
from  Catemaco,  ami  presents  the 
extreme  of  ditferentiation  in  in- 
tensity of  color.  The  hind  feet 
are  dark  throughout  and  the  color  of  the  upper  parts  is  peculiarly  dark 
and  rich,  as  in  /*.  ajffinh. 

MeaHurcmenU. — Average  of  two  adult  males  from  Jico,  Vera  Cruz 
(type  locality):  Total  length,  442;  tail  vertebra',  175;  hind  foot,  50. 
An  old  female  from  same  place:  Total  length,  333;  tail  vertebne,  121; 
hind  foot,  37. 

PUTDKIl'S  AFFINIS  ((iray). 

Mnatela  affinia  (Jray:  Aiiuals  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  4th  ser.,  XIV,  p.  ;}75,  Nov.,  1S71. 

Type  locality. — "New  Granada"  [  =  Colombia]. 

General  characters. — Size  large;  tail  long;  color  very  «lark,  almost 
black  anteriorly;  facial  markings  obsolete  or  nearly  so. 

Color. — Upper  parts  nearly  pure  black  on  head  and  neck,  fa<ling 
imperceptibly  to  rich  blackish  brown  on  back,  rump,  and  tidl;  black 
tip  of  tail  long,  but  not  strongly  contrasted  with  tlark  color  of  rest  of 
tail;  under  parts  narrowly  ochraceous  orange,  narrowest  behind  angle 
of  mouth,  where  it  is  encroached  on  by  the  blackish  of  the  cheeks.  Face 
usually  unmarked,  but  a  whitish  streak  sometimes  present'  in  front 
of  ear. 

Cranial  characters. — The  only  skull  of  this  weasel  I  have  seen  is  from 
a  skin  (No.  13770,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  collected  by  Dr.  Vi'u  Patten,  at  San 
Jose,  Costa  Rica.  It  is  immature,  but  ditt'ers  strikingly  from  freuatm 
in  the  greater  breadth  of  the  frontal  region  and  the  flatness  of  the 
audital  bullse.    The  constriction  is  little  marked,  which  may  be  due  to 


'Tho  (lirt'erence  in  size  of  the  two  species  is  well  shown  by  the  flesh  measurements 
of  these  two  specimens.  Female  fienatus,  Cofre  do  Perote:  Total  length,  418;  tail 
vortehrir,  IfiO;  hind  foot,  45.  Female  tiopicalis,  .Jico:  Total  length  333;  tail  verte- 
bra', 121;  hind  foot,  37. 


32 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


[Ko.lL 


parasitvH  in  the  fruiital  Hinuses.  Tho  yoiiug  skull  affords  the  following; 
iDeasureinents :  Basal  luiigtb,  50;  zygomatic  breadth,  29;  poatpalatal 
length,  2C;  palatal  length,  24;  iuterorbital  breadth,  12;  breadth  across 
postorbital  ]»roces8es,  15;  breadth  of  constriction,  14. 

General  remarkn. — There  are  several  specimens  from  Costa  Rica  in 
the  National  Museum  collection  which  apparently  belong  to  this 
species.  In  these  specimens  the  color  of  the  upx>er  parts  is  exceed- 
ingly dark  from  the  color  of  the  tips  of  the  hairs;  but  the  color  imme- 
diately underlying  the  black  tips  is  deep  fulvous  brown,  giving  a  very 
rich  tone  to  the  pelage.  The  orange  of  the  under  parts  is  narrow  and 
does  not  reach  the  ieot;  on  the  hind  legs  it  stops  on  the  thighs,  and  on 
tht.  forelegs  it  stops  short  of  the  wrists. 

Meatfuretncntu  (from  dry  skins  in  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.). — Total  lei-gth, 
about  510;  tail  vertebra;,  about  180;  hind  foot,  about  52. 


I   i 


1 


JcxE,l89C.]  SYNOPSIS   OF    THE   WEASELS    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 

Table  of  arvnu/e  cranial  niedSHremviilH  of  Xorth  American  Wtaaela. 


33 


Kitnitt. 


Lot'ulity. 


i*.  cieognani 


r.  richardtuni. 
I',  alatceiitis... 
P.  itreatori 


P.rixomin 

]'.  arctieun 


r.kaiHacensh 

r.  Hovi'boracensiii 

I',  vatltinijtoiii 

V.1^eniut%tl(v 

7*.  lowjicauda 

P.  spadix 

P.mtiirattit , 

P.  arizonengis 

P.  alleni 

P.xanlhogenys 

P./renatHi 

P.tropicalis 


Onsipec,  X.  H 

KIklJiv.T,  Minn 

Do 

.Mount  Forrsf ,  Ontario. . 

(in-iit  SliivcLiiko 

iTiinnni.  Aliiska 

Sliajiit  Vulley,  Wash  ... 

Do 

Troiit  Lake,  Wa.sli 

Do 

OsliT,  SasUatdiewan  ... 
Point  I!;irro\v,  AlaHka.. 
Franklin    l!ay,   Aretic 

Coast. 
St.  Micluu'lH,  Ala^ika... 

Do 

Kadiak  I.slanil.  Alaska. . 
Adirojidacks,  X.  T 

Do 

Trout  Lake,  AVasli 

Do 

Tarpon  Springs,  Fla 

Carlton     House,     Sas- 
katchewan. 

Do 

Elk  lii vor,  Minn 

Do 

Siskiyou  Mountains, 
Orpgon. 

Springorville,  Ariz 

Boulder  f "ounty,  Colo. . . 
Sierra  Xevada,  Cal 

Do 

Black  Hills,  S.  Dak 

Do 

Southern  California 

Do 

Tlalpam,  Me.\ico 

("ofro  do  I'erote,  Mexico. 
.Tico,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Do 


d 

? 
9 

d 

d" 

9 
d" 
9 

9 
(f 

d 
d 
9 
d 
d 
9 
d 
9 
9 
d 

9 

■  d 

i  ^ 

!  d 
d 
d 

9 
d 
9 
d 
9 
d 
9 
d 
9 


a  e 


88.5  37.6 
40.2  30 


»:!.  5 

32.5 

41. 5 

43 

35 

30 


32. 5 

31. 5 

40 

42 

34 

29. 


33.5  32.5 
28.5   28 
'20.5126 
44.5  43 

43.  5;  42 


43 

38 

'42 

47 


a 
a 

I, 


21 
22 

18 

17.5 

24 

24. 5 

20 

10.  5 

18 

15.5 

14.2 

29.  5 


1 


I   ili  s 


J^  .a'l  5 


22 

a« 


a  a 
u  a 


a 


a 

3; 


a 
-3 


a 
'a 

n 

.*« 

CD 

9 


i.J!  a 


27.5. 
26.5 
22.  "i 
24 


42 

37 
•41 

45. 5  27 
38.5.  37.5  20 
44.2  43  I  26 
38.3'  37.5  21.5 
45. 5'  44  :  27 
48    ;  47     i  30.5 


18.6 
19.5 

in 
10 
20. 5 
21 

18 

,5  I 

10.5 

13.  5! 

23  i 

22.  5 

22.  5| 

19  i 
20.5 
23..")' 
18.  5' 

»; 

20 

24  ■ 

20  i 


10.5 
11 
10 
9 

n.5 

14 
11 

10 
9.8 
8.5 


8. 7  25. 5'  16. 6  22 

0    I  26.  bJ  17  I  22. 5 

7.8  22       14  I  19.5 

7  21.5   14  i  18 
0.7  27    j  18  I  23 

U    i  28.5   19  24 

SJt  23    !  15  20 

7.5  20    I  12  I  18 

8  22 


0.5   19 


14.5   12. 


14.5   19.5, 
12.5'  10.5' 

17.5  11    :'15   ; 

29    i  20.5    24 


43.5  42.5   26       23 
48       46.5   29.5  26 


44 
46 


43 
44 


42       41 

44       43 
44.5  43.5 
39.5  38 
42       40.8 
38.5!  37.5 

44  j  42.5' 
42    I  41 
52.6,  61 

45  i  43.5 
49  !  47. 5 
37. 5  36. 5 


26 
29 


26  , 

28.5 
28  '■ 
22.5 

27  : 

23  i 
27.5' 

24  I 
33.5' 
25.5 

28  i 
22. 5 


23.5 
25 

23 
23 
23 

20. 5 
22 


23.5 
22. 5 
27.5! 
23  j 
24.5 
19.5' 


13 

13.5 
12  I 
12.5 
14.5 

11  ' 

12.5 

10.5 
14  I 
15.5 

12  I 
1 4.  5 

13  I 

14  ! 

i 
12.5 
13  I 
14.6 
11.3 
13.2 
12 

13.5' 
12 
15.5 
13 
15 
12 


11  28.5    19.5   24 

12  ^28  I  19. 5  24 
10  j  24.5  16.5  21 
10.5 '27  '  17.5  ^24 
11.3   30       21.5  25.5 

8.5'  25.5  16  22.5 
10. 2!  27.  5  21    I  23 

8.  7'  24  ;  17. 8  20.  5 
U  I  29  21  ;  5 
11.5   30       23 


I 


10.5 
11.5 
10.5' 

u  I 
10. 5; 

10. 5| 
10.5 

9 
11 

9 

9.5; 

9.5! 
12  j 
10  I 
10.5 

9 


I 


26.5 
30 
28 
28.6 

I 

20.5 

27 

28 

24 

26.2 

=...; 

27.5 
26  I 
33.5 

29-  I 
32  1 
24.5 


20.5 
23.5 
20.5 
21    I 

20  j 
20.5 

21 

18 

20 

18 

20.5 

19.5 

24.5 

19.5 

22 

16 


22.  5 
24 

23.5 
24    ! 

22 

23.5 

23 

21 

22 

20.5 

23.  2 
22 

27. 5 
25 
27 
21.5 


>  Estimated. 


10932— No.  11- 


pcrrrr 


IISTDEX. 


[Synonyms 
A  retngaU,  0. 

( ■i/iiomyonax  (synonym  of  Putoriiw),  7. 
dale  (synonym  of  Idis),  9.  I 

Ictis,  subgenus,  9. 

littof  spoclcs,  10. 
Jlmtela  brasilientis,  20. 
ticognani,  10. 
crmiuea,  9. 
'•rminea,  11. 
fri'nata,  26. 
longicauiln,  19. 
ricliardsoni,  H. 
vulgaris,  9. 
vulgarU,  10. 
xanthogenys,  25. 
Piitoriiis,  gonus,  7. 

key  to  subgeneni,  7. 
list  of  species  with  type  looalitleH,  10 
subgenus,  7. 

fable  of  cranial  measurements,  33 
'  iitonus  aflinis,  31-32. 

alascensin,  12-13. 
nlleni,  24. 
arcticus.  ]5-16. 
arizonensis,  22-24. 


in  italics.] 

Putorius  boccamcla,  0. 

t^icognnni,  10-11. 
•  rminea,  15, 16. 
enninea,  16. 
eversmanni,  8. 
frenatiis,  26-28. 
goldmanui,  28-29, 
liatliacensis,  16. 
loucoi)aria,  29. 
longicauila,  19-21. 
nigripps,  7-0. 
novoboraoensis,  ift.jg. 
oregoneusis,  25-26. 
peninsula',  19. 
pimttut,  14. 
putorius,  8. 
ricliardsoni,  11-12. 
rixosus,  14-15. 
saturatus,  21-22. 
spadix,  21. 
streatori,  13-14, 
tropicalis,  30-31. 
vulgaris,  10. 
wasbingtoni,  18-19. 
xanthogeuys,  25. 


86 


PLATE  I. 

Fiti.  1.  Putoritts  nhjripts,  ^  ad.,  Trego  County,  Kiius. 
(No.  4143,  Merriain  toll.) 

1.  Upper  side  of  skull, 
la.  Under  side  of  skull. 
16.  Hide  view  of  skull. 

2.  Putoriiia  piilorius,  ^  ad.,  Hrunswiek,  (Germany. 
(No.  4661,  Merriam  coll.) 

2.  Upper  side  of  skull. 
2a.  Under  side  of  skull 

86 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  11. 


Plate  I. 


1.  Putorius  nigripea  d  ad.    Trego  County,  Kansas. 

2.  Putorius  putorius  J  a<l.    Brunswick.  (Sennany. 


i  ' 


>  --m 


PLATE  II. 


Fig.      1.  I'utoriiia  aroticua.    Point  Barrow,  Alaska  (type). 
S  ad.,  No,  23010,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas, 
2.  Putoriua  alascenaia.    Juneau,  Alaska  (type). 

^  ad..  No.  74423,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll. 
3  aud  4.  Putoriua  cicofinani. 

3.  i  ad.,  Bncksport,  Me.,  No.  4247,  Bangs  coll. 

4.  $  ad..  Mount  Forest,  Ontario,  No.  789,  Bangs  coll. 
5  and  6.  Putoriua  streatori.    Mount  A'ernon,  Skagit  Valley,  Wash. 

5.  i  ad..  No.  76646,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll.  (type). 

6.  $  ad..  No.  76623,  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll. 
7.  Putoriua  rixoatia.    Osier,  Saskatchewan. 

$  ad..  No.  642,  Bangs  coll.  (type). 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  11. 


Plate  II. 


1.  Putorius  nrcticiis. 
8.  P.  alasceusis. 


i.  P.  rixosut. 


8,  4.  P.  cicogiiinii. 
6,  0,  P,  strtuturi. 


IP  I 


PLATE   Iir. 


I 


Figs.  1  and  2.  Putoriua  fre  . 

1.  <?  ad.,    1      pain,  Mexico,  No.  50826,  IJ.   S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept. 

Agric.  coll. 

2.  $  ad.,  Cofre  do  Perote,  Vera  Cniz,  Mexico,  No.  51278,  IJ.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll. 
3  and  i.  Putoriua  longicauda.     Carlton  House,  Saskatchewan  (type  locality). 

3.  <?  ad.,  No.  73183,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  Dept.  Ayric.  coll. 

4.  9  ad..  No.  75183,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dejit.  Agric.  coll. 
5  and  6.  Putoriua  tropicalia,    Jico,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

5.  i  ad..  No.  ..491U,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll.  (type). 

6.  5  ad.,  No.  54993,  TJ.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll. 
40 


■'m 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  11. 


Plate  III. 


1,  2,  I'ntoitua  frvnatiu; 


3,  -1.  I\  lonyicauda. 


5,  (}.  i\  tropicalia. 


PLATE  IV. 

Fl(i8.  1  and  2.  rutorin8  noveboraoensia,    Adirondacke,  New  York. 

1.  ^  ad.,  No.  3843,  Merriam  coll. 

2.  $  ad.,  No.  5598,  Merriam  coll. 

3  and  4.  Piitoriua  ivashingtoni.    Trc  't  Lake,  Washington. 

3.  i  ad..  No.  76322,  U.  o.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll.  (type). 

4.  9  ad.  No.  67321,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Dept.  Agric.  coll. 
5.  ruloritia peninsulw.    Tarpon  Springs,  Fla. 

2  ad.,  No.  2.S79.,  RLoada  coll. 
42 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  I  I 


Plate  IV. 


»e). 


1,  3.  Putoi-iits  iiovL-boruveHsis,  3,  4.  Jf.  washinytoui,  o,  t,  ptiHiunulw. 


PLATE  V. 

Ii(i.  1.  I'utoriits  hugicniida  (Honap.V 

1.  t?  ml.,  C'urltoii  lloiiso,  iSaskatchewiin,  No.  7;U83,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas., 

Dopt.  Aj»:'ic.  <oll. 
1((.   9  !i<l|  Carlton  House,  .SahKatclKswan,  No.  75183,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mu8., 
Dept.  Agiif.  loll. 

2.  Ptitorius  cinoiiiKtni  (lUyuim.). 

2.  r?,  UnclvHport,  Mo.  No.  4247,  Huiifis  coll. 

2a.    9,  Mount  i'orcst,  Ontario  No.  78"J,  Hanj^s  coll. 

3.  I'lttoriiia  iiovcboruvmnis  Do  Kay. 

3.  c?  ad.,  Adirondacks,  New  York  No.  3843,  Mirriaiii  coll. 
3rt.    9  ad.,  Adirondaeks,  New  Y(»rk  No.  TwiW,  Mcrriaiii  coll. 

4.  Piitoriiis  '■'uoDiin  nob. 

9  ad.  (type),  Oslor,  Saskatchewan.  No,  tU'J,  Hangs  coli. 

5.  I'Hioriiis  iH'HinHiihv  Khoads. 

9  olil,  Tarpon  Springs,  Fla.  No.  l'37!l,  Kboiids  loII. 
G.  I'utorius  nrcticuH  sp.  nov. 

6.     ^,  St.  Michaels,  Alaska  No.  ;j(!2i3,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns. 
6a.   9,  St.  Micaaols,  Alaska  No.  3624G,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns. 
44 


North  American  Faun.i,  Ni    II. 


Plate  V. 


Nat.  Mns., 
.  Nat  Mu8., 


)li. 


5. 


a; 


151 


2 


L_ 


